The Three-Domain System
Figure 10.1
Prokaryotes
Figure 10.6
Morphology & Physiology
of Bacteria
fimbriaglycocalyx
pilus
flagellum
Cell wall
Cell membrane
ribosome
Outer membrane
Actin cytoskeleton
Bacterial chromosome or nucleoid
Inclusion/ granule
Bacterial cell
Flagellum
DEMONSTRATION OF FLAGELLA
DARK GROUND ILLUMINATION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY SPECIALSTAINING MORDANTING
Bacterial flagella - Electron microscopy
Peritrichous
Polar
Bacterial flagella - Scanning Electron Microscopy
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Gram positive cell wall
Membrane protein
Gram negative cell wall
25
SIMPLE STAINING:-
METHYLENE BLUE staining IMPART SAME COLOUR TO ALL BACTERIA
USED TO KNOW THE ARRANGEMENT
NEGATIVE STAINING
INDIA INK / NIGROSIN
TO DEMONSTRATE
BACTERIAL CAPSULE, FUNGAL CAPSULE
Gram staining
GRAM STAINING
GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA - VIOLET STAPHYLOCOCCUS STREPTOCOCCUS
GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA - PINK E.COLI KLEBSIELLA
ACID FAST STAINING ZEIHL-NEELSON METHOD
PINK COLOR BACILLI
TUBERCLE BACILLI
LEPRA BACILLI BACTERIAL SPORES, CRYPTOSPORIDIUM
Spores - types
Endospore formation
Vegetative cell
Vegetative cell becomessporangium in preparation forSporulation
Sporangium
Sporangium withprospore
Sporangium with prospore
Mature endospore
Free spore
Germination
1.Germinal groove
2.Outer cortical layer
3.Cortex
4.Inner spore coat
6.Outer spore coat
Bacterial spore
Cocci
Cocci - arrangement
Bacilli
Spirilla – rigid spiral forms
Spirochetes- flexuous spiral forms
Bacterial growth BACTERIA ON SOLID
MEDIA COLONIES
BACTERIA ON LIQUID MEDIA TURBIDITY
BACTERIAL GROWTH CURVE
Lag phase - with no increase in number ( adaptation of new surrounding)
Log phase - phase of division
Stationary phase - division stops due to depletion of nutrients.Phase of decline - due to cell death.
A = lag phase,B = acceleration phase,C = log (exponential) phase
D = stationary phase, E = death phase.
BACTERIAL METABOLISM
OXIDATION FERMENTATION
Fermentation ( Anaerobic Condition)
The Three-Domain System
Figure 10.1
Prokaryotes
Figure 10.6
