THE MUSCLES OF THE UPPER AND LOWER EXTREMITIES
THE MUSCLES OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY
THE ARM
THE ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT
THE ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE ARM
THE SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF THE ARM (ANTERIOR VIEW)
THE DEEP MUSCLES OF THE ARM (ANTERIOR VIEW)
THE POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT
THE POSTERIOR AND LATERAL COMPARTMENTS OF THE ARM
Muscle Action
Biceps brachii - long head, short head
Flexes the forearm and the arm; supinates the forearm
Brachialis Flexes the forearm
Triceps brachii Extends the forearm and arm
Muscles of the forearm
Anconeus Extends the forearm
Brachioradialis Flexes the forearm
THE FOREARM
THE ANTERIOR GROUP
THE SUPERFICIAL ANTERIOR GROUP(LATERAL TO MEDIAL)
Muscle Action
Pronator teres Pronates the forearm
Flexor carpi radialis Flexes the wrist and adducts the hands, aids in flexion of the elbow and pronation
Plamaris longus Flexes the wrist
Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexes the wrist and adducts the hands
Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexes the wrist and phalanges
THE SUPERFICIAL ANTERIOR GROUP
Pronator teres Flexor carpi
radialis Plamaris longus Flexor carpi
ulnaris Flexor digitorum
superficialis
THE DEEP ANTERIOR GROUP(LATERAL TO MEDIAL)
Muscle Action
Flexor digitorum profundus Flexes the wrist and phalanges
Flexor pollicis longus Flexes the thumb; aids in flexing the wrist
Pronator quadratus Pronates the hands
THE DEEP ANTERIOR GROUP
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus
THE POSTERIOR GROUP
THE SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR GROUP(LATERAL TO MEDIAL)
Muscle Action
Extensor carpi radialis longus Extends the wrist and adducts the hand
Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extends the wrist and adducts the hand
Extensor digitorum communis Extends the fingers and the wrist
Extensor digiti minimi Extends the little finger
Extensor carpi ulnaris Extends the wrist and the hand
THE SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR GROUP
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum communis
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris
THE DEEP POSTERIOR GROUP(LATERAL TO MEDIAL)
Muscle Action
Supinator Supinates the forearm
Abductor pollicis longus Abducts the thumb and the hand
Extensor pollicis brevis Extends the thumb and abducts the hand
Extensor pollicis longus Extends the thumb and abducts the hand
Extensor indicis Extends the index finger
THE DEEP POSTERIOR GROUP
Supinator Abductor pollicis
longus Extensor pollicis
brevis Extensor pollicis
longus Extensor indicis
THE MUSCLES OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY
MUSCLES THAT ACT ON THE FEMUR
Muscles Action
Iliopsoas Psoas major
Flex the thigh; flex the trunk on the femur
Gluteus maximus Exntends and laterally rorates the thigh
Gluteus medius Abducts and medially rotates the thigh
Gluteus minimus Abducts and medially rotates the thigh
Tensor fascia latae Assists in flexion, abduction, and medial rotation of the thigh
MUSCLES THAT ACT ON THE FEMUR
MUSCLES THAT ACT ON THE FEMUR
Muscle Action
Pyriformis Rotates the thigh laterally; assists in extending and abducting the thigh
Obturator internus Rotates the thigh laterally
Obturator externus Rotates the thigh laterally
Superior gemelus Rotates the thigh laterally
Inferior gemelus Rotates the thigh laterally
Quadratus femoris Rotates the thigh laterally
MEDIAL COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH
Muscle Action
Adductor magnus Adducts and laterally rotates the thigh; assists in extending the thigh.
Adductor longus Adducts and laterally rotates the thigh; assists in extending the thigh.
Adductor brevis Adducts and laterally rotates the thigh; assists in extending the thigh.
Pectineus Adducts, flexes, and laterally rotates the thigh
Gracilis Adduct and flex the leg
ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH
Muscle Action
Sartorius Flex the thigh and the leg; laterally rotates the thigh
QUADRICEPS FEMORIS
Rectus femoris Extend the leg; flexes the thigh
Vastus lateralis Extend the leg
Vastus medialis Extend the leg
Vastus intermedius Extend the leg
POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH
Muscle Action
Hamstrings
Biceps femoris (long head and short head)
Flexes the leg; the long head extends the thigh
Semitendinosus Flexes the leg and extends the thigh
Semimembranosus Flexes the leg and extends the thigh
SUMMARY OF MUSCLE ACTIONS ON THE HIP (INCLUDING THE MUSCLES OF THE THIGH)
Flexion Extension
Iliopsoas Gluteus maximus
Sartorius Biceps femoris
Rectus femoris Semitendinosus
Pectineus Semimembranosus
Addcutor longus Piriformis
Tensor fascia latae Adductor magnus
Adduction Abduction
Adductor magnus Gluteus medius
Adductor longus Gluteus minimus
Adductor brevis Tensor fascia latae
Gracilis Piriformis
Medial rotation Lateral rotation
Gluteus medius Gluteus maximus
Gluteus minimus Piriformis
Tensor fascia latae Obturator internus
Obturator externus
Superior and inferior gemellus
Quadratus femoris
Adductor magnus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Pectineus
THE LEG
ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG
Muscle Action
Tibialis anterior Dorsiflexes and inverts the foot
Extensor hallucis longus (hallus = great toe)
Dorsiflexes and inverts the foot; extends the great toe
Extensor digitorum longus Dorsiflexes and everts the foot; extends the toes
Peroneus tertius Dorsiflexes and everts the toes
LATERAL COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG
Muscle Action
Peroneus longus (fibularis longus)
Plantar flexes and everts the foot
Peroneus brevis(fibularis brevis)
Plantar flexes and everts the foot
POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG
Muscle Action
Superficial muscles
Gastrocnemius Flexes the leg; plantarflexes the foot
Soleus Flexes the leg
Plantaris Flexes the leg; plantarflexes the foot
Muscle Action
Deep muscles
Popliteus Flexes and medially rotates the leg
Flexor hallucis longus Plantar flexes and inverts the foot; flexes the great toe
Flexor digitorum longus Plantar flexes and inverts the foot; flexes the toes
Tibialis posterior Plantar flexes and inverts the foot
SUMMARY OF MUSCLE ACTIONS ON THE ANKLE
Dorsiflex Plantarflex
Tibialis anterior Peroneus longus
Extensor hallucis longus Peroneus brevis
Extensor digitorum longus Plantaris
Peroneus tertius Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Adduction plus inversion Abduction plus eversion
Tibialis anterior Peroneus longus
Tibialis posterior Peroneus brevis
Extensor hallucis longus Peroneus tertius
Flexor hallucis longus Extensor digitorum longus
Flexor digitorum longus