THE INFORMAL SETTLER FAMILIES
Informal Settlemen
t
DIDR
Involuntary Displacem
ent
Urbanization Trends
and Effects
• Urbanization and Its EffectUrbanization is the growing population of people living in urban areas.
(United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division; UN World Urbanization Prospect, 2015)
Projected Population and Urbanization Growth
Year Population Percentage Number
2014 7.024 Billion 56% 4.054 Billion
2050 9.500 Billion 66% 6.270 Billion
MORE LOCALITIES ARE RAPIDLY URBANIZING AND MORE PEOPLE ARE LIVING IN URBAN AREAS
INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS OR SLUMS ARE VIVID MANIFESTATIONS OF THE DEEPENING AND WIDENING URBAN POVERTY IN THE COUNTRY
THE URBAN POOR• Urban poverty is a
multidimensional phenomenon.
• The urban poor live with many deprivations.
Their daily challenges may include:
• limited access to employment opportunities and income,
• inadequate and insecure housing and services,
• violent and unhealthy environments,
• little or no social protection mechanisms, and
• limited access to adequate health and education opportunities.
• Limited voice and participation in governance
INFORMAL SETTLER FAMILIES
• lots without the consent of the owners,• danger areas along river banks, • railways, under the bridge and others, • areas designated for government infrastructure projects, • protected/forest areas, • areas for priority development, if applicable, and other
government/public lands or facilities not intended for human habitation.
A. Emergence of Informal Settlement and Informal Settler Families (ISFs)
Unplanned settlement Government Inability to cope with rapid urbanization Widening and deepening urban poverty 2.5 Million Families or 15% of Philippine Urban Population
lives in Informal Settlement 526, 524 ISFs
(UN Habitat, 2000) (HUDCC, 2014) (DILG 2011)
Challenges of Urbanization• Sustainable Development• Threats of Climate Change and DisasterResponse• Planned Development – Urban Planning • Disaster / Development Induced-Displacement and
Resettlement(HUDCC, NISUS, 2015) (UN, World Urban Prospects, 2015)
EffectsInvoluntary Displacement and Resettlement
(World Bank Report, 2010)
Involuntary Displacement and Resettlement- Decision of moving is imposed by an external agent- People are not part of the planning and implementation process
(World Bank, 2010) (Szwablowski, 2010) (Navarra 2014)
LAWS AND POLICIES PROTECTING INFORMAL SETTLER IN THE PHILIPPINES
- 1987 Constitution- Urban Development and Housing Act (UDHA) of 1992- Comprehensive Shelter and Financing Act (CISFA)of 1994- Executive Order 82- Executive Order 69- Executive Order 708- DILG-MC 2008-143, DILG-2009-05
RESULT OF TRADITIONAL RELOCATION AND RESETTLEMENT
- Dismal Condition- Further Impoverishment- Social and Economic Displacement- Returning back to informal settlement- 2.5 million housing backlogs - 526, 524 ISFs in NCR in 2011(Navarra, 2014) (PCUP, 2014) (DILG, 2011) (Balesteros, 2010)
PEOPLE’S PLAN
• People’s Plan - Community initiated shelter project with the support of Civil Society, LGUs and NGAs(The Asia Foundation, 2014) (ISF-NTWG, Operational Guidelines, 2014)
• Open-dialogue, consensus building and promotion of active civil society are key ingredients in long term sustainable development. Development is a participatory process. (Stiglitz, 2003)
• Planned development should start with people’s plan (Amon, 2014)
THE 50 BILLION ISF FUNDBenigno C. Aquino III Administration
WHAT NECESSITATES THE 50 BILLION ISF FUND• Supreme Court Mandamus• Typhoon Ondoy• Ten Point Covenant• Creation of Informal Settler Families – National Technical Working Group
(ISF-NTWG)
BREAKDOWN OF ISFS IN NCR
50 BILLION ISF FUND
• Referred to as the Pnoy Fund, the Special Allotment Release Order No. F-01836 allotted P50 billion pesos for a five-year program (10 Billion per year) for the provision of housing of ISFs living in Danger Areas. (DBM, 2011)
• Neighborhood Approach, Medium and Low-Rise Building, (PCUP & DILG, 2011)
• Hiearchy of Options - On-site, in-city and off-city (PCUP & DILG, 2011)
50 BILLION ISF FUND (OPLAN LIKAS)
50 Billion
Traditional Resettlement
Approach(28 Billion - NHA)
People’s Plan Approach
(8.9 Billion - SHFC)
OPLAN LIKAS
102, 406 ISFs
Traditional Resettlement Approach
40, 000 ISFs (NHA)
People’s Plan Approach
17, 261 ISFs(SHFC
Finance)
ST. MARTHA HOMESBgy. Batia, Bocaue, Bul acanContractor: BAQUE No. of Units : 2000+1790AVE FARE: Php 140 TOWERVILLE PH. 6
Bgy. Gaya-gaya San Jose, Del Monte, BulacanDeveloper: GRDCNo. of Units : 1060 + 1000AVE. FARE: 139
SAN JOSE DEL MONTE HTSBrgy. Muzon, San Jose del Monte, BulacanDeveloper: LAK-KNo. of Units: 4006 + 1000AVE. FARE: Php 88
PANDI RESIDENCESPandi, BulacanContractor: LAK-KNo. of Units : 1000AVE. FARE: Php 244
SOUTHVILLE 2, PH. 3Bgy. Aguado, Trece M CaviteContractor: GRDC No. of Units : 1500AVE. FARE: Php 172
GOLDEN HORIZONBgy. Hugo Perez, Trece MContractor: HG3No. of Units : 2500AVE. FARE: Php 156
NORZAGARAY HEIGHTSBrgy. Minuyan, NorzagarayContractor: MeverNo. of Units : 500AVE. FARE: Php 122
SV 10Tanay, RizalNo. of Units: 2000AVE. FARE: Php 182
CAMARIN RESIDENCESBRGY 175, UPPER CALOOCANNo. of Units : 1200AVE. FARE: Php 120
DISIPLINA VILLAGEBRGY UGONG , VALENZUELANo. of Units : 1000AVE. FARE: Php 33
SAN JOSE DEL MONTE HEIGHTSLOCATION: BRGY. MUZON, CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE, BULACAN
TOWERVILLE PH. 6 RESETTLEMENT PROJECTLOCATION: BRGY. GAYA-GAYA, SAN JOSE DEL MONTE, BULACAN
ST. MARTHA ESTATE HOMESLOCATION: BRGY. BATIA, BOCAUE, BULACAN
PANDI RESIDENCELOCATION: Pandi, Bulacan
NORZAGARAY HEIGHTSLOCATION: BRGY. MINUYAN, NORZAGARAY, BULACAN
SOUTHVILLE 2, PHASE 3LOCATION: BRGY. AGUADO, TRECE, MARTIREZ, CAVITE
GOLDEN HORIZON HOMESLOCATION: BRGY. HUGO PEREZ, TRECE MARTIREZ, CAVITE
SOUTHVILLE 10LOCATION: BGY. PLAZA ALDEA, TANAY, RIZAL
ACTUAL PHOTO
DISIPLINA VILLAGELOCATION: BGY. UGONG, VALENZUELA, NCR
CAMARIN RESIDENCESLOCATION: BGY. 175, CALOOCAN CITY, NCR
“IMPACTS OF OPLAN LIKAS RESETTLEMENT APPROACH ON THE WELL-BEING OF THE ISF RESETTLERS”
“Una pong paglipat namin dito hindi po masyado maganda. Hindi pa po kumpleto bahay namin. Bintana wala pa po jalousy, likod po namin hindi pa sementado, yung cr po namin hindi pa po maayos kaya nakikigamit pa po kami sa iba. Maputik pa po pero after 2 weeks inayos na din po. Yung sa tubig po nung bago pa po kami wala pa tubig. Nag iigib pa po kami ng tubig sa NHA kaya nalelate po kami.”
Female high school student, Aguado, 2014
OPLAN LIKAS“OKAY NAMAN ANG KALAGAYAN NAMIN DITO DAHIL LIGTAS NA KAMI SA BAHA, PERO PROBLEMA NAMIN NGAYON KUNG PAPAANO KAMI MABUBUHAY BAWAT ARAW DAHIL ANG HIRAP TALAGA NG BUHAY DITO SA PANDI”.
FEMALE HOUSEHOLD HEAD, PANDI, CACARONG, 2015
“Una pong paglipat naming dito hindi po masyado maganda. Hindi pa po kumpleto bahay namin. Bintana wala pa po jalousy, likod po naming hindi pa sementado, yung cr po namin hindi pa po maayos kaya nakikigamit pa po kami sa iba. Maputik pa po pero after 2 weeks inayos na din po. Yung sa tubig po nung bago pa po kami wala pa tubig. Nag iigib pa po kami ng tubig sa NHA kaya nalelate po kami.”
Female high school student, Aguado, 2014
PEOPLE’S PLAN
• People’s Plan - Community initiated shelter project with the support of Civil Society, LGUs and NGAs(The Asia Foundation, 2014) (ISF-NTWG, Operational Guidelines, 2014)
• Open-dialogue, consensus building and promotion of active civil society are key ingredients in long term sustainable development. Development is a participatory process. (Stiglitz, 2003)
• Planned development should start with people’s plan (Amon, 2014)• Neighborhood Approach, Medium and Low-Rise Building, On-site, in-city and off-
city (DILG, 2011)
ALLIANCE OF PEOPLE’S ORGANIZATION ALONG MANGGAHAN FLOODWAY-PASIG
THE PEOPLE’S ALTERNATIVE OPTION
IN- CITY RELOCATION
OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
I. Background of Manggahan Floodway
II.Background of the APOAMF
A. Profile and Objective of the OrganizationB. PopulationC. Job and LivelihoodD. Social Services
III. People’s Plan Process and Initiatives
IV. The Alternative Option
BACKGROUND OF MANGGAHAN FLOODWAY
WESTBANKFLOODWAY
EASTBANKFLOODWAY
Man Made River10 km. long from Pasig, Cainta and Taytay, Rizal250m. Widea and 8m. deep Has a capacity to carry the 2,400 cu.m. volume of water
The Use of FloodwayTo divert and reverse the 70% of flood water from Marikina River to Laguna Lake
Marikina River water level rapidly rose 4.6 m in 6 hours at Marikina Bridge on September 26, 2009 due to approximately 400mm rainfall in 6 hours.
Also, Laguna Lake water level rose from Elev. 12.9m at 9:00 AM on September 26, 2009 to Elev. 13.84 m in 24 hours. 5,000
4,150
3,500
3,000
500
1,200
Inflow: 7,000m3/s
Sierra Madre Mountains
Flood in Pasig-Marikina-Laguna Lake Basin by Typhoon Ondoy (Unit: m3/s)
SOURCE: LLDA
BACKGROUND OF THE APOAMF - PASIG
ALLIANCE OF PEOPLE’S
ORGANIZATION ALONG
MANGGAHAN FLOODWAY,
Pasig
September 26, 2009 Bagyong
Ondoy
Objective: Security of Land & Housing Tenure specifically on-site devt. and in-city relocation
June 2010 form a structure and on
July 04, 2010 S.E.C.
Registration
Ten (10) Local Organization Members along the East and West Manggahan
Floodway Bermon the three (3) Brangays – Sta.Lucia with 1,189 ISF, Rosario with 536 ISF & Maybunga
with 1,142 ISF
COMMUNITY PROFILE
28%
28%21%
17%
JOB AND LIVELIHOOD
Private Employee
Construction Related Job
Local Govt Employee
Self Employed
89%
11%
BASIC SERVICES FROM LOCAL
GOVERNMENT
Benefited
Not Benefited
89% of the total interviewed residents (948household) says they enjoy the basic services given by the Local government in terms of job, education, health and services.
COMMUNITY PROFILE
COMMUNITY PROFILE
1000
- 300
0
4000
- 600
0
7000
- 900
0
10,00
0 UP
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
Total Family Income
Total Family Expenses
Household Expenses are merely compost of the ff;1. Food2. Electricity3. Water4. Education5. Transportation6. Cellphone Load Food has a big
percentage of their expenses along with Education Expenses
Relocation Site Visit – Calauan, Laguna & Tanay Rizal
PEOPLE’S PLANPROCESS AND INITIATIVE
PEOPLE’S PLANPROCESS AND INITIATIVE
CONGRESS INQUIRY STAKEHOLDER’S
FORUM
PEOPLE’S PLANPROCESS AND INITIATIVE
PEOPLE’S PLAN PROCESS AND INITIATIVE
PEOPLE’S PLANNING PROCESSAND INITIATIVE
THE RESULT OF PEOPLE’S PLANNING PROCESS
ON-SITE DEVELOPMENT
12 meters strip on the upper most portion of the berm stated in PP No.1160
IN-CITY RELOCATION MMDA Depot along the
embankment side stated in PP No.458
PRESIDENT BENIGNO SIMEON C. AQUINO III AND SECRETARY MANUEL ROXAS III
COVENANT WITH THE URBAN POOR
D
THE RESULT OF ENGAGEMENT WITH PNOY’S COVENANT
Site Visit of Sec. Jesse M. Robredo at Manggahan Floodway, December 2010December 23, 2010 – PNOY’s Meeting with the Urban Poor.Technical Working GroupMarch 15, 2011- Reccomendation of TWGAugust 2011 – PNOY’s allocation of Php50 Billion budget for the ISF living in the danger areas on NCR.October 25, 2012 – Site Selection Committee Site Visit .
OFF – SITE RELOCATION ON- SITE DEVT / IN-CITY RELOCATION
Lack of basic services and livelihood /job opportunities
Adequate basic services and livelihood / job opportunities
Bigger cost of transportation from community to work place, school and other basic services
Minimal cost of transportation from community to work place, school and other basic services
Can accumulate longer time on transportation
Lesser accumulated time on transportation
Prone to be a dysfunctional family Family are intact
Comparison Study base on Site Visit in Calauan and Tanay Relocation Site of APOAMF
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRANSPORTATION EXPENSES
OFF-SITE- RELOCATION SITE: WORK OUTSIDE THE COMMUNITY W/ 3 STUDENTS
IN-CITY RESSETLEMENT: WORK WITHIN THE CITY OR NEAR OTHER CITY W/ 3 STUDENTS
> Php. 130.00/day X 6 =Php.780.00
/Week X 4 = Php. 3,120.00
> Php. 40.00/day X5 =Php.200.00/week X 4 = Php. 800.00 / month
X 3 Students =Php.2, 400.00
TOTAL COST = Php. 5, 520.00
> Php. 76.00 / day X 6 =Php.456.00
/week X 4= Php. 1, 824.00
> Php. 14.00 / day X 5 =Php.70.00
/week X 4 = Php.280.00 / month X 3 Students =Php.840.00
TOTAL COST = Php. 2, 664.00
BACKGROUNDMMDA Motorpool
Along Eastbank Road Brgy. Sta. Lucia, Pasig City
2 hectares or 20,000 sq.m.Under Presidential Proclamation No.
458Identified site of the people for IN- City
Relocation since 2009
THE PEOPLE’S ALTERNATIVE OPTION RATHER THAN OFF-SITE
RELOCATION……
IN-CITY RELOCATION
24sq.m. Per floor49 buildings
With three(3) prototype• Prototype A - 8rm. Per floor (10 Bldgs.) = 400
units• Prototype B – 12 rm. Per floor (26 Bldgs.) = 1,560
units• Prototype C – 16 rm. Per floor (13 Bldgs.) = 1,040
units
SITE DEVELOPMENT
THE PERSPECTIVE DESIGN
Located at South-East of Metro ManilaBarangay Sta. Lucia, Manggahan Floodway Pasig City
900 Families
900 Units
15 Buildings
60 units in each building
PEOPLE’S PLAN IN MANGGAHAN FLOODWAY
Developed
People’s Plan by
the Communit
y
Condition Prior to Implementation
Implemented People’s Plan
“Nung una parang pangarap lang na magkakaroon kami ng bahay na hindi malayo sa aming dating tinitirahan, ngayon ay nandito na kami dahil sa pagtyatyaga ng mga lider… Ang puspusang pag-oorganisa sa aming sarili at kritikal na pakikipag-usap sa pamahalaan ang naging daan. Ang kabukasan ng pamahalaan sa ilalim ni PNOY ay naging malaking ambag upang kami ay pakinggan at magtagumpay sa aming tinatamasa”
- Woman Leader of Floodway
HOW DO WE ADDRESS THE ISSUES OF URBAN POVERTY?
CAN URBANIZATION BE SUSTAINABLE?CAN ECONOMIC GROWTH BE INCLUSIVE?
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
GOAL 11 TARGETS
• By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums
• By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons
GOAL 11 TARGETS
• By 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and management in all countries
• Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage
• By 2030, significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected and substantially decrease the direct economic losses relative to global gross domestic product caused by disasters, including water-related disasters, with a focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations
GOAL 11 TARGETS
• By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management
• By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities
• Support positive economic, social and environmental links between urban, peri-urban and rural areas by strengthening national and regional development planning
GOAL 11 TARGETS
• By 2020, substantially increase the number of cities and human settlements adopting and implementing integrated policies and plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, resilience to disasters, and develop and implement, in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, holistic disaster risk management at all levels
• Support least developed countries, including through financial and technical assistance, in building sustainable and resilient buildings utilizing local materials
ABOUT PCUP
• Serve as the direct link of the urban poor to the government in policy formulation and program implementation to address their needs;
• Coordinate and monitor the implementation of government policies and programs for the sector; and
• Accredit legitimate urban poor organizations (UPOs) for representation in the formulation of recommendations relative to the sector.
•Participate in policy discussions relating to the urban poor in board meetings of the Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council (HUDCC), Key Shelter Agencies (KSAs), Local Housing Boards (LHBs) or other similar bodies;
•Undertake social preparation activities related to asset reform, human development and basic social services, employment and livelihood and other programs of the government for the urban poor; and
•Formulate the necessary operational mechanisms and guidelines to ensure strict compliance with Section 28 of RA 7279.
ABOUT PCUP
PARTICIPATION OF THE URBAN POOR IN GOVERNANCE
• Empower more Urban Poor Organizations through Capacity Building Activities• Support Local and National Coalition Building of
Urban Poor Organizations• Facilitate the formation of local special bodies and
ensure PO-CSO participation in these councils• Ensure the participation of UPOs in Bottom Up
Budgeting through campaigns and awareness-raising activities
ASSET REFORM
• Engage with HUDCC and Key Shelter Agencies (KSAs) on Enhancing Processes and Mechanisms on Presidential Proclamation, Community Mortgage Program and other Asset Reform programs. • Sustain Advocacy on Local Shelter Planning among
LGUs• Institutionalize the Peoples’ Plan Mechanism • Support the Call for an ISF Housing Budget for
Luzon,Visayas, and Mindanao
JUST AND HUMANE DEMOLITION AND EVICTION
•Enhance the Pre Demolition Conference and other consultative mechanisms as an avenue for convergence •Sustain engagement with the judiciary and other stakeholders•Monitoring mechanism on Section 28 of UDHA
BUILDING RESILIENCE: DISASTER RISK REDUCTION, LIVELIHOODS, AND SOCIAL PROTECTION
•Develop a more comprehensive Livelihood Development Framework and Program for the urban poor especially for resettled communities •Sustain the Campaign on Financial Inclusion and Social Protection •Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction
BASIC SERVICES FOR THE URBAN POOR
•Build partnership with NGAs and CSOs on health and education programs•Engage with Public Utilities Corporations, LGUs, and other service providers on improving access to water and electricity
NATIONAL HOUSING SUMMIT
WHAT CAN YOU DO?
• Research (For Policy and Program Development)• Volunteer (Work with Communities and Peoples Organizations)• Dialogue with Policy Makers and Local Executives• Vote based on Policy and Program Agenda• Start a Social Enterprise Initiative• Make Stories to raise consciousness about the issues (Target: Policy
Makers, Middle Class and Upper Class)
MARAMING SALAMAT