OBJECTIVES:OBJECTIVES:
DEFINE THE TERMS HOLOCAUST AND DEFINE THE TERMS HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE.GENOCIDE.
DESCRIBE ANTI- JEWISH POLICIES DESCRIBE ANTI- JEWISH POLICIES PASSED BY THE NAZIS IN THE 1930’S.PASSED BY THE NAZIS IN THE 1930’S.
IDENTIFY AND DESCRIBE HITLER’S IDENTIFY AND DESCRIBE HITLER’S “FINAL SOLUTION” PROGRAM.“FINAL SOLUTION” PROGRAM.
DESCRIBE THE CONCENTRATION AND DESCRIBE THE CONCENTRATION AND DEATH CAMPS USED IN WW II.DEATH CAMPS USED IN WW II.
DEFINTIONS:DEFINTIONS:
HOLOCAUSTHOLOCAUST A PROGRAM OF MASS MURDERA PROGRAM OF MASS MURDER
GENOCIDE GENOCIDE THE ANNIHILATON OF ENTIRE RACE THE ANNIHILATON OF ENTIRE RACE
OF PEOPLEOF PEOPLE
HOLOCAUST STATISTICSHOLOCAUST STATISTICS
01,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,0006,000,0007,000,0008,000,0009,000,000
10,000,000
BEFORE SURVIVORS
JEWISHPOPULATION
PROGRESSION OF PROGRESSION OF DISCRIMINATION TOWARDS JEWSDISCRIMINATION TOWARDS JEWS
The NAZI party and Adolf Hitler seized The NAZI party and Adolf Hitler seized power in 1933 and slowly began their power in 1933 and slowly began their program against the Jews of Germanyprogram against the Jews of Germany
In 1933 there were 566,000 Jews In 1933 there were 566,000 Jews living in Germany.living in Germany.
Each new year in Germany led to Each new year in Germany led to harsher policies directed towards the harsher policies directed towards the Jews.Jews.
19331933 NAZIS boycott Jewish NAZIS boycott Jewish
businessesbusinesses issue decree that issue decree that
defines non-Aryansdefines non-Aryans Hermann Goering Hermann Goering
creates the GESTAPOcreates the GESTAPO first concentration first concentration
camps are builtcamps are built Dachau - 3/22/33Dachau - 3/22/33
19341934 Jews are not allowed Jews are not allowed
to have national to have national health insurancehealth insurance
the SS (Schutzstaffel) the SS (Schutzstaffel) is formedis formed
Hitler becomes Der Hitler becomes Der Fuherer and receives Fuherer and receives a 90% approval rating a 90% approval rating from the peoplefrom the people
1935- Nuremberg Race 1935- Nuremberg Race LawsLaws
M arry o r h av e sexw ith A rya ns
h ire A rya n w o m ena s m a ids
h a ve r ig h ts o fc i t izen sh ip
Je w s a re no t a llow e d to :
19361936 SS Deathshead SS Deathshead
division is created division is created to guard campsto guard camps
Heinreich Himmler Heinreich Himmler is appointed Chief of is appointed Chief of the German Policethe German Police
Olympic games in Olympic games in Berlin, Jews treated Berlin, Jews treated better - briefly.better - briefly.
19371937 Jews are not allowed Jews are not allowed
to teach Germansto teach Germans not allowed to be not allowed to be
accountants or accountants or dentistsdentists
““Eternal Jew” exhibit Eternal Jew” exhibit opened in Germanyopened in Germany
this promoted stereo-this promoted stereo-types of Jews and types of Jews and warned Germanswarned Germans
19381938 Nazi troops enter Nazi troops enter
AustriaAustria League of Nations League of Nations
considers helping considers helping Jews fleeing Hitler, Jews fleeing Hitler, but no country will but no country will take themtake them
Jews are not allowed Jews are not allowed to practice medicineto practice medicine
1939-KRISTALLNACHT1939-KRISTALLNACHT
Night of Broken GlassNight of Broken Glass Jewish stores, shops Jewish stores, shops
and synagogues and synagogues burned downburned down
Took place because Took place because a German official was a German official was killed in Paris by a killed in Paris by a JewJew
November 9, 1939 November 9, 1939
19391939 Reinhard Heydrich is Reinhard Heydrich is
ordered to speed up ordered to speed up emigration of Jewsemigration of Jews
The The St. LouisSt. Louis is turned is turned away from the US.away from the US.
Jews must hand over Jews must hand over all gold and silver.all gold and silver.
Nazi troops seize Nazi troops seize CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia
350,000 Jews350,000 Jews
POLAND 1939POLAND 1939 Sept. 1, 1939 Nazis Sept. 1, 1939 Nazis
invade Polandinvade Poland 3.35 million Jews3.35 million Jews Hans Frank becomes Hans Frank becomes
governor of Polandgovernor of Poland Forced labor decree Forced labor decree
issued and all Jews issued and all Jews must wear yellow must wear yellow starsstars
“I ask nothing of Jews except that they should disappear”
19401940 German Jews are German Jews are
deported to Polanddeported to Poland Ghettos of Lodz, Ghettos of Lodz,
Krakow and Warsaw Krakow and Warsaw are sealed off.are sealed off.
Total of 600,000 JewsTotal of 600,000 Jews These ghettos will be These ghettos will be
liquidated starting in liquidated starting in 19421942 German soldiers rounding up
Jews to be placed in ghettos
19411941 Nazis invade the Nazis invade the
Soviet UnionSoviet Union Jewish population of Jewish population of
3 million3 million Hitler issues Hitler issues
infamous infamous “Commissar Order”“Commissar Order”
SS Einsatzgruppen SS Einsatzgruppen follow advance of follow advance of German ArmyGerman Army
“Liquidate all Communist officials you encounter!
EinsatzgruppenEinsatzgruppen SS “Special Action Groups” organized in SS “Special Action Groups” organized in
early years of war by Reinhard Heydrichearly years of war by Reinhard Heydrich Heydrich organized 4 large groups Heydrich organized 4 large groups
(A,B,C,D) in Soviet Union(A,B,C,D) in Soviet Union Competition between group leaders to Competition between group leaders to
see who could kill the most Jewssee who could kill the most Jews 1,300,000 Russian Jews killed by end of 1,300,000 Russian Jews killed by end of
war by these “mobile killing units”war by these “mobile killing units”
Wannsee ConferenceWannsee Conference
Heydrich was ordered by Hermann Heydrich was ordered by Hermann Goering to prepare a “final solution” to Goering to prepare a “final solution” to the Jewish question the Jewish question
Heydrich organized a meeting with 15 Heydrich organized a meeting with 15 top Nazi officials in Berlin = Jan. 20, 1942top Nazi officials in Berlin = Jan. 20, 1942
Nazis would attempt to exterminate the Nazis would attempt to exterminate the entire Jewish population of Europe, an entire Jewish population of Europe, an estimated 11 million personsestimated 11 million persons
Reinhard HeydrichReinhard Heydrich Nicknamed “The Nicknamed “The
Blond Beast” and Blond Beast” and “Hangman Heydrich”“Hangman Heydrich”
second in command second in command of Gestapo and SSof Gestapo and SS
principle planner of principle planner of the Final Solutionthe Final Solution
Brigadier General in Brigadier General in SS at the age of 30SS at the age of 30
Heydrich and Final Heydrich and Final SolutionSolution
““Europe would be Europe would be combed of Jews combed of Jews from East to West”from East to West”
““Madagascar Plan”Madagascar Plan” ordered Einsatzs to ordered Einsatzs to
round up and kill round up and kill Jews in occupied Jews in occupied countriescountries
leader of RSHAleader of RSHA
Heydrich assassinated Heydrich assassinated 19421942
Czech underground Czech underground agents bombed his agents bombed his carcar
SS hunted down and SS hunted down and killed 1000 suspectskilled 1000 suspects
Czech town of Lidice Czech town of Lidice was liquidatedwas liquidated
Hilter called him Hilter called him “The man with the “The man with the iron heart.”iron heart.” 172 men shot in village of
Lidice in retaliation.
FINAL SOLUTIONFINAL SOLUTION ““Now judgement has begun and it will reach its Now judgement has begun and it will reach its
conclusion only when the knowledge of the Jews conclusion only when the knowledge of the Jews has been erased from the earth!” Nazi has been erased from the earth!” Nazi NewspaperNewspaper
there were 3 phases of the Nazi plan to wipe out there were 3 phases of the Nazi plan to wipe out the Jewish population of Europethe Jewish population of Europe
http://www.learn360.com/ShowVideo.aspx?ID=63http://www.learn360.com/ShowVideo.aspx?ID=6381388138
http://www.learn360.com/ShowVideo.aspx?ID=48http://www.learn360.com/ShowVideo.aspx?ID=4802960296
Phase 1 = ShootingPhase 1 = Shooting
Jews were rounded Jews were rounded up and told they up and told they were to be relocatedwere to be relocated
They were taken to They were taken to the woods and were the woods and were shot one by oneshot one by one
their bodies were their bodies were buried in mass buried in mass gravesgraves
Phase 2 = Gas VansPhase 2 = Gas Vans
Again, Jews were Again, Jews were rounded up and told rounded up and told they were to be they were to be relocated in vansrelocated in vans
The vans were The vans were equipped so that equipped so that the van’s exhaust the van’s exhaust was piped back into was piped back into the vanthe van
700,000 Jews killed in Vans
Problems with Phases Problems with Phases 1,21,2
The Nazis encountered several problems The Nazis encountered several problems with the executions and gas vanswith the executions and gas vans
First, they were both taking to much timeFirst, they were both taking to much time Second, resources such as gas and Second, resources such as gas and
munitions were becoming scarcemunitions were becoming scarce Third, soldiers involved were beginning to Third, soldiers involved were beginning to
have psychological problems with what have psychological problems with what they were doing.they were doing.
Phase 3 = The CampsPhase 3 = The Camps
Nazi leaders decided to drastically Nazi leaders decided to drastically speed up the Final Solutionspeed up the Final Solution
there were two different types of there were two different types of camps:camps:
CONCENTRATION CAMPSCONCENTRATION CAMPS EXTERMINATION CAMPSEXTERMINATION CAMPS Jews from all over occupied Europe Jews from all over occupied Europe
were to be brought here.were to be brought here.
CONCENTRATIONCONCENTRATION
100 of these in Nazi-occupied Europe100 of these in Nazi-occupied Europe prisoners used for forced laborprisoners used for forced labor prisoners usually lasted less than 1/2 prisoners usually lasted less than 1/2
yearyear communists, homosexuals, criminals, communists, homosexuals, criminals,
social-democrats, artists.social-democrats, artists. First camp was opened in 1933, right First camp was opened in 1933, right
after Nazis came to powerafter Nazis came to power
RAVENSBRUCKRAVENSBRUCK Camp for women onlyCamp for women only run by German run by German
women who were women who were criminalscriminals
prisoners worked on prisoners worked on remodeling fursremodeling furs
50,000 killed50,000 killed 14,000 rescued by 14,000 rescued by
Swedish diplomatSwedish diplomat Count Folke Bernadette negotiating for prisoners
THERESIENSTADTTHERESIENSTADT
Most humane campMost humane camp well connected Jews well connected Jews
and war veteransand war veterans Jews married to Jews married to
Aryans could pay to Aryans could pay to go to this campgo to this camp
Red Cross inspected Red Cross inspected this camp, good ratingthis camp, good rating
stop over on the way stop over on the way to Auschwitzto Auschwitz Jewish band playing for Red
Cross inspection team
EXTERMINATIONEXTERMINATION Started out as ordinary concentration Started out as ordinary concentration
campscamps later modified with gassing installations for later modified with gassing installations for
use on humans, now “DEATH CAMPS”use on humans, now “DEATH CAMPS” two sub-groups:two sub-groups: 1) Majdanek and Auschwitz, Birkenau1) Majdanek and Auschwitz, Birkenau 2) Operation Reinhard camps and Chelmno2) Operation Reinhard camps and Chelmno ““NAZIS GET CLOSE TO CREATING HELL ON NAZIS GET CLOSE TO CREATING HELL ON
EARTH!!!”EARTH!!!”
CHELMNOCHELMNO
Jews from the Lodz ghetto in Poland sent here
First death camp built = 1941
First to use Gas Vans on
Jews
MAJDANEKMAJDANEK
Established in 1941 Established in 1941 as a POW campas a POW camp
started its part in the started its part in the Final Solution in 1942Final Solution in 1942
Jews, Poles and Jews, Poles and Soviet POW’s sent Soviet POW’s sent herehere
had two gas had two gas chambers to chambers to exterminateexterminate
AUSCHWITZAUSCHWITZ Started operations in January 1940 Started operations in January 1940
(Poland)(Poland) Himmler chose Auschwitz as the place Himmler chose Auschwitz as the place
for the Final Solutionfor the Final Solution had 4 gas chambers/crematories by 1943 had 4 gas chambers/crematories by 1943 mass killings with Zyklon B gasmass killings with Zyklon B gas commanded by Rudolph Hoesscommanded by Rudolph Hoess recorded 12,000 kills in one dayrecorded 12,000 kills in one day
THE SS AT AUSCHWITZTHE SS AT AUSCHWITZORDERED TO TAKE ALL POSSESSIONS FROM
JEWS
TEETH WITH GOLD
PILES OF GLASSES
Dr. Josef MengeleDr. Josef Mengele
Arrived in Arrived in Auschwitz in May Auschwitz in May of 1943of 1943
SS Doctor who had SS Doctor who had power of life/deathpower of life/death
performed medical performed medical experiments on experiments on Jewish children Jewish children
“ANGEL OF DEATH”
MEDICAL MEDICAL EXPERIMENTSEXPERIMENTS
Sterilization of men and womenSterilization of men and women endurance of pain to high and low endurance of pain to high and low
temperatures and pressuretemperatures and pressure experiments on twins to increase number experiments on twins to increase number
of multiple births to Aryan womenof multiple births to Aryan women injections of phenol to kill patientsinjections of phenol to kill patients Dr. Mengele attempted to sew children Dr. Mengele attempted to sew children
together to make Siamese twins together to make Siamese twins
OPERATION REINHARDOPERATION REINHARD
Largest single massacre of HolocaustLargest single massacre of Holocaust March 1942-November 1943March 1942-November 1943 named after Reinhard Heydrichnamed after Reinhard Heydrich carried out at three camps, run by the carried out at three camps, run by the
SSSS every Jew that arrived at one of the every Jew that arrived at one of the
camps would be dead in 2 hours.camps would be dead in 2 hours. Total of 1,700,000 Jews killedTotal of 1,700,000 Jews killed
BELZECBELZEC
MARCH 1942MARCH 1942 JEWS FROM LUBIN JEWS FROM LUBIN
GHETTO- POLANDGHETTO- POLAND OPERATIONS STOP OPERATIONS STOP
DECEMBER 1942DECEMBER 1942 CAMP WAS CAMP WAS
DISMANTLED AND DISMANTLED AND PLOWED OVER PLOWED OVER AND PLANTED ONAND PLANTED ON
SOBIBORSOBIBOR
MAY 1942MAY 1942 3 GAS CHAMBERS3 GAS CHAMBERS ESCAPE OF 300 ESCAPE OF 300
JEWS AND SOVIET JEWS AND SOVIET POW’SPOW’S
ONLY 50 LIVEONLY 50 LIVE GAS CHAMBERS GAS CHAMBERS
SHUT DOWN AFTER SHUT DOWN AFTER ESCAPEESCAPE
TREBLINKATREBLINKA
JEWS FROM JEWS FROM WARSAW GHETTOWARSAW GHETTO
10 GAS CHAMBERS10 GAS CHAMBERS LOCATED EAST OF LOCATED EAST OF
WARSAWWARSAW BODIES WERE BODIES WERE
BURNED IN OPEN BURNED IN OPEN PITSPITS
AUGUST 1943AUGUST 1943
Camp TotalsCamp Totals
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
Auschwitz Belzec Chelmo
killed in camp
STATISTICS BY COUNTRYSTATISTICS BY COUNTRY
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
POLAND USSR HUNGARY GERMANY
BEFOREAFTER
Jewish population before, Jewish population after Holocaust