The Duel for North America
Chapter 61608 -1763
France Religious wars ceased
Edict of Nantes = 1598 Limited toleration / Protestants
Most feared of European Continent
King Louis XIV = Ruled 72 yrs. Colonies = Quebec Samuel de Champlain
“Father of New France”
Colonies = New France Autocratic
Canada Controlled by king No right to trial by jury Population grew slowly Favored Caribbean
Island colonies Sugar
France Fans Out Beaver Pelts
Trappers = Coureurs de bois Free livers Extinguished beaver
Recruited Indians into fur business Disease / alcohol
French Catholic missionaries = Jesuits Explorers
Cont. Robert de La Salle
Mississippi = 1682 Louisiana Tried to block Spain Planted fortified posts
New Orleans = 1718 Trade = West Indies and Europe
Clash King William’s War = 1689 -1697 Queen Anne’s War = 1702-1713
British Colonist against French Courers de bois Both recruiting Indian allies Guerrilla warfare = savage
Spain allied with France
Cont.Peace = 1713
France beaten Britain got Acadia = renamed Nova
Scotia, Newfoundland and Hudson Bay
War of Jenkins’s Ear = 1739 British and Spanish
Smuggling Caribbean / Georgia
James Oglethorpe King George’s War
Washington Ohio Valley 1749
Colonial speculators Virginians / Washington family 500,000 acres French erecting forts
Fort Duquesne = Pittsburgh
Washington sent to secure claims 150 militiamen 40 miles from fort = shots fired
Cont. French leader killed = retreated French returned with reinforcements
Washington built = Fort Necessity 10 hr. siege Washington surrenders
July 1754
Global War
French and Indian War = 1754 Seven Years’ War Also fought in Europe / West Indies / Philippines /
Africa / Ocean
Britain, Prussia Vs. France, Spain, Austria and Russia
Blood bath in Germany = Fredrick the Great
Colonial Disunity
Colonial clashes 1754
Intercolonial Congress Albany, NY 21 delegates = 7 colonies showed up Keep Iroquois loyal
Gifts Franklin = “Join or Die”
Albany Congress
Blunders General Edward Braddock
British Regulars = 2,000 Capture Fort Duquesne Washington Huge loss Native American tear through countryside
Scalping Defeat after Defeat
Pitt William Pitt = “Great Commoner”
Leader on London Government “Organizer of Victory” Concentrate on Canada
Victory against Louisbourg 1st significant victory
Quebec Battle of Quebec = 1759
James Wolfe Daring night move = scaled the cliffs Plains of Abrahams
Significant battle Montreal fell 1760
French flag flew for the last time in Canada
Trouble with Colonists Friction between British officers and
militia Professionalism
Colonist didn’t truly support cause Refused troops / money
Wanted privileges of Englishmen, without the duties and responsibilities
War Ends
Treaty of Paris = 1763 G.B. claimed all of North America east of
the Mississippi River Included Florida = Acquired from Spain for
Cuba Spain received French lands west of
Mississippi / Port of New Orleans
France kept a few small islands near Newfoundland and West Indies
Aftermath British victory = trouble with the Natives
Native Americans captured 8 British forts in the Ohio Valley Led by Pontiac (Ottawa) Killed 2,000 soldier / settlers Blankets infected with smallpox given to
chiefs during peace negotiations Peace negotiated by the end of 1765
Aftermath Cont. Proclamation of 1763
Banned settlements west of the Appalachians
Colonists not happy
G.B. in financial trouble Cracked down on colonial smuggling
10,000 troops sent to control Native Americans