The Consequences of American Industrial Growth
ImmigrationLabor UnionNative AmericansStrikes and Industrial Unrest
Europeans Flood Into the U.S. By the 1890s, eastern and southern Europeans made up more
than half of all immigrants. Many were European Jews.
Reasons for
European immigratio
n
For jobs To avoid forced
military service
To avoid religious
persecution
Ellis Island – New York – East Coast Most immigrants passed through Ellis
Island It took about a day The immigrants has to see a DR and
they would indicate the health of a person by a colored chalk mark on their clothes
All different background, languages and cultures
Southern and Eastern European Immigration Most immigrants settled in
cities. They lived in neighborhoods that were separated into ethnic groups. Here they duplicated many of the comforts of their homelands, including language and religion.
Immigrants who learned English, adapted to American culture, had marketable skills or money, or if they settled among members of their own ethnic group tended to adjust well to living in the United States.
Examples of Ethic Communities Greenwich Village – Jewish Little Italy – Italian China Town – Asian
WRTIE WHAT IS BELOW The increase in immigration
led to nativism. Nativism is anti-immigrants and only for citizen born in America to have jobs and gov’t positions
Earlier nativism was directed towards the Irish. In the early 1900s, it was towards the Asian, Jews, and eastern Europeans.
“Old” vs. “New” Immigrants New Immigrants: from southern and eastern
Europe. Some Americans feared that the New Immigrants would not assimilate to life in their new land.
Old Immigrants: from Western Europe, especially Britain, Germany, Ireland and Scandinavia. Since they had Anglo-Saxon (White) and Protestant (religious) backgrounds, they were quickly incorporated into American society.
Landing at Ellis Island, 1902
Americans Migrate to the Cities The urban population grew from 10
million in 1870 to over 30 million by 1900. Immigrants remained in the cities, where
they worked long hours for little pay. Still, most immigrants felt their standard of living had improved in the United States.
Farmers began moving to cities because of better paying jobs, electricity, running water, plumbing, and entertainment.
The New Urban Environment Housing and transportation needs
changed in cities. As the price of land increased, building
owners began to build up- skyscrapers. In the late 1800s, various kinds of mass
transit developed. Horsecar electric trolley cars elevated railroads
Separation by Class Wealthy families lived in the heart of the
city where they constructed elaborate homes.
The middle class (doctors, lawyers, engineers, teachers) tended to live away from the city.
The majority were the working class who lived in city tenements, or dark and crowded multi-family apartments.
Urban Problems Increase in crime, fire, disease, and
pollution Alcohol Contaminated drinking water Improper sewage disposal Epidemics of typhoid fever and cholera Native-born Americans blamed
immigrants for the problems.
Asian Immigration to America Chinese immigration to the United States increased in in
the mid-1800s.
Reasons for Asian
immigration
Reasons for Asian
immigration
To escape poverty
and famine
To escape rebellion in
China
To fill jobs in the railroad
industry
Asian Immigration In Western cities, Chinese
immigrants worked as laborers, servants, skilled tradesmen, and merchants. Some opened their own laundries.
Between 1900 and 1919, Japanese immigration to the United States drastically increased as Japan began to build an industrial economy and an empire.
In 1910 a barracks was opened on Angel Island in California. Here, Asian immigrants, mostly young men and boys, waited sometimes for months for the results of immigration hearings.
Pacific Coast
American Federation Union andSamuel Gompers American Federation
Union Over 20 different trade
organizations came together to form this union
Promoted 8 hour workdays
“Closed Shop” where companies would only hire Union workers
The largest in the Nation at the time
Gompers was their first leader – he rejected communist and socialist ideas
Kept is “plain and simple”
Worked to get Unions accepted into American society
Pullman Strike – industrial unrest 1894 –The Pullman company
in Illinois built a town named Pullman. It required its workers to live there and buy food from its stores
The Pullman company cut wages
Workers began to complain about the high costs of rent and food
The Pullman company fired them and to show support the American Railway Union stopped handling Pullman’s railcars
Pullman responded by tying its railcars to US mail railcars. If the ARU interfered then they would be charged with a federal crime
The President had to intervene and send federal troops
The Pullman Co. & the ARU fell apart after the strike
Growth of Western Population and its impact on Native Americans Dawes Act – forces Native Americans to live
and farm on reservations - 1887 Wanted Native Americans to assimilate into
white culture – it failed The land was not profitable and Native
Americans didn’t want to give up their way of life
NA had depended on the buffalo for their way of life and the herds had been wiped out.
Buffalo provided – food, fuel, clothing and shelter
Sitting Bull Wounded Knee Chief of the Lakota
Sioux 1890 – the Gov’t
banned the Ghost Dance (a dance to communicate with their ancestors)
US Army tried to arrest him and he resisted
Over 200 men, women and children Sioux died at Wounded Knee including Sitting Bull
Question 1
Name 2 types of ethnic communities.
Question 2
What did the government ban in 1890?
Question 3
Name 3 problems associated with more people moving into the cities.
Question 4
Who led the American Federation Union?