3rd Africa Rice Congress
Zaochang LIU, on behalf of Lijun Luo
Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center
10-22-2013 Yaounde, Cameroon
Toward developing water saving and drought resistant rice (WDR)
Why WDR?Why WDR?
How are we developing WDR?How are we developing WDR?
Current WDR varieties.Current WDR varieties.
Drip irrigation as an example of Drip irrigation as an example of
cultural practice for growing WDRcultural practice for growing WDR
Yield increase puzzle
With the global and frequent change of climate,
agriculture production often faces water
shortage , and drought is becoming one of the
main limiting factors.
1996 启动超级稻2000 单产700Kg
2005 单产800Kg
1977-2007中国水稻平均产量变化( 数据来源: 联合国粮农组织统计数据库 )
Rice, the main food in China , yield per unit area
remains unchanged for the past > 10 years.
(数据来源: 中国农业统计年鉴 )
19951995年江安吉年江安吉“ “ 协优协优 413”413” 亩产亩产 759759公斤、比对照增产公斤、比对照增产21.9921.99%浙江省历史最高纪录%浙江省历史最高纪录
it is hard to achieve this super high
yield level in large scale. Why?
Limited irrigation water and soil
fertility.
Super rice? Super rice? >11 t/ha>11 t/ha
2002年干旱偏重
2001年特大干旱
2003年严重春旱
2011年冬麦区严重干旱
2004年华南大范围秋旱
2010年西南地区大旱
Recent years in China, frequent drought or flooding caused huge loss of food production.
Breeding water saving and
drought resistant rice
varieties.
Breeding water saving and
drought resistant rice
varieties.
Environmental pollution
Flood irrigation of paddy field rice, esp. with increased
application of fertilizers and other chemicals for increased
yield, often causes eutrophication.
Global Methane Sources and Emissions
Breeding water saving and
drought resistant rice
varieties.
Breeding water saving and
drought resistant rice
varieties.
What is WDR No compromising yield ability
compared with paddy field variety.
Similar drought resistance to upland
rice.
Environmentally friendly
How are we
developoing WDR?
Breeding of WDR
• Breeding approaches
• Types of WDR
Traditional methods
New Biotech
Indica
Japonica
Inbred
hybrid
Inbred
hybrid
海南抗旱筛选
安吉抗旱筛选
上海抗旱鉴定
Breeding system through crossing paddy rice and upland rice and stressed selection
Upland DT selection
Tropical winter DT selection
Rice blast test
Rice cooking quality
Shanghai rain shelter selection
Yield idendification
×
F1
F5-6 lines
F2 population( >1000 pl)上海正季选择
× New Combination
The recurrent parent
基因聚合、新种质新品种选育
MAS高产、优质、抗性基因定位
国内特色材料 国际水稻分子育种计划材料
NIILs
基因型鉴定抗性筛选
抗逆 NIILs
不同生态区表型鉴定
其它… . 优质 NIILs 高产 NIILs
Backcross
MAS and elite gene accumulation based on NILs
Current WDR
varieties
Inbred WDR
Huhan 15 (indica)
Field status after panicle booting
Huhan 15
Onsite visit and test
Inbred WDR-- Huhan 3 (japonica)
200 mu (13 ha) demonstration: direct sowing, no flood management, >600kg/mu (9 tons/ha)
Hybrid WDR (indica type)
Cross , back cross, DT selection
Elite rice cooking quality, strong DT and good combining ability
( 1 ) Upland sterile Huhan 1A
Plant new variety
certificate
Plant new variety
certificate
( 2 ) Hanyou 3 (first WDR hybrid
combination)
WDRGood Cooking quality
Zhejiang Yiwu city: 550kg/mu (100ha demo, water saving 50%)
Guangxi , even higher yield +50% than super rice under DT condition
Huhan 3 Huhan 2 BHanfeng B(DR CMS ML)
(WDR)
( 1 ) Japonica sterile Huhan 2A
Hybrid WDR (japonica type)
Shanghai Fengxian2012.10.18
( 2 ) Japonica hybrid WDR– Hanyou 8
Hybrid seed production field
Growth status at maturity of Hybrid WDR—
Hanyou 8 : yield ability 9-12 tons/ha
Normal (rough) road= m /l yield fieldHigh way = High y filed
Super rice likes racing cars , suitable for high way, while
WDR likes “Jeep” applicable for both high way and rough
road.
Super rice
WDR
Middle or low yield field often suffers water shortage, lower
fertility.
Demo Local Reviewer
★
★★
★
★
★
★
★★★★
★
★
★
★
★
★
★
★
Demonstration of WDR varieties in Southeast Asia and part of Africa
Drip irrigation as an example of
cultural practice for growing WDR
Mission: Grow more with less through joint
application of water-saving and drought- tolerant rice
(WDR) and drip irrigation system.
7 月 24日长势
11 月 6日长势11 月 10日收割, 7成熟,千粒重 20克。 170天生育期
Seedling status on June 8 (sowed on May 21, 2012)
11 月 6日长势
Comparison in stem base status
Drip field: green to the base leaves
Control paddy field: weathered by sheath blight
Drip Huhan 3 (Japonica species) ( Oct. 23)
Drip Jinfeng (Japonica species)
(Oct. 23)
Panicle comparison of drip Huhan 3 and Jinfeng at harvest (Oct. 31)
Compared with the CH4 concentration in the paddy field (F), drip field resulted in significantly lower methane gas concentration, regardless to varieties.
Drainage (ml/day) under different cropping system
耕作层30cm处土壤溶液径流量(ml / d)
05
1015202530354045
Aug. 15-21 Aug. 31-Sep. 6
Sep. 6-12 Sep. 12-22
测定期间
径流
量(
31mm
渗透
管)
滴灌田免耕田水田
Paddy field
No tillage field
Drip field
Summary WDR showed the features of paddy rice and drought tolerance. Drip WDR showed the features of paddy rice and drought tolerance. Drip
irrigation is feasible for rice cultivation, especially when planting drought-irrigation is feasible for rice cultivation, especially when planting drought-
resistant water-saving rice varieties. resistant water-saving rice varieties.
Even without optimization of fertilization, rice yield under drip irrigation Even without optimization of fertilization, rice yield under drip irrigation
was equivalent that achieved under ordinary paddy field condition, while was equivalent that achieved under ordinary paddy field condition, while
agricultural water consumption is greatly reduced, and also significantly agricultural water consumption is greatly reduced, and also significantly
reduced greenhouse gas emissions, specifically the emission of methane reduced greenhouse gas emissions, specifically the emission of methane
gas. gas.
Drip irrigation combined with water-saving and drought resistant rice Drip irrigation combined with water-saving and drought resistant rice
reflects the features of high-yield, efficient and friendly to environment.reflects the features of high-yield, efficient and friendly to environment.
上海市农业生物基因中心欢迎您上海市农业生物基因中心欢迎您 ! !
Thank you very much!