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Rob Duffield, PhD
TEAM-SPORT PERFORMANCE FOLLOWING EAST AND WEST LONG-HAUL AIR TRAVEL.
….TRAVEL IS A NECESSITY....
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JET LAG vs TRAVEL FATIGUE
Samuels et al. (2012) Clin J Sport Med
Socceroo's – Brazil 2014
Increased Jet Lag (4 days to recover)
BUT no performance measures
McCall et al. (unpublished)
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TRAVEL & PERFORMANCE
Performance after westward
travel across 5 time zones (Reilly et al. IJSM 2001)
Currently either non-specific tests or simulated flights…
AIM
To investigate the effects of eastward and westward long-haul air travel on physical performance markers
relevant to team-sports.
Participants n= 19 trained sub-elite team-sport players
Age: 21.9 ± 3.6 y Height: 178.2 ± 6.5 cm Mass: 77.12 ± 7.68 kg YYIR1: 18.0 ± 1.4 level
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SYDNEY – DOHA 8 time zones, 2 stops,
16h flight/s, 21 h travel Economy class
METHODS
7 d
ay w
ash
ou
t
4 d
ay w
ash
ou
t 21 h
WEST
8 time-zones
21 h
EAST
8 time-zones
Baseline
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MEASURES
1. CMJ 4. YYIR1
All testing conducted: • On standardised court surfaces. • Following a standardised warm up. • Avoiding heat exposure during testing.
2. 20 m sprint 3. Agility
ANALYSES
• A linear mixed-model:
interaction of time and trial as fixed effects to determine differences in the effect of trial over time.
• Where a significant effect was observed (P<0.05), a Tukey HSD post hoc test to determine differences between means.
• Data reported as mean ± SD change from baseline.
• Shaded area in figures represents TE.
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RESULTS: CMJ
17:00
RESULTS: SPEED
17:00
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RESULTS: AGILITY
17:00
RESULTS: YYIRT
17:00
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KEY OUTCOMES
• Post-travel performance suppression evident 72 h post-travel
• CMJ power and force were similarly affected for EAST & WEST travel.
• Sprint and agility performance were worse following WEST travel.
• YYIR1 performance was worse following EAST travel with sRPE.
WHY PERFORMANCE REDUCTION?
Disruption of
Circadian Rhythms
(Jet-Lag)
Demands of Travel
(Travel Fatigue)
Sleep Disruption
Beaumont et al. 2004
Takahashi et al. 2002
↑ fatigue + ↓ mood
Waterhouse et al. 2002
Skein et al. 2011
↓ Physical performance
Chapman et al. 2012
Reilly et al. 2001
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KEY OUTCOMES
• Post-travel performance suppression evident 72 h post-travel
• CMJ power and force were similarly affected for EAST & WEST travel.
• Sprint and agility performance were worse following WEST travel.
• YYIR1 performance was worse following EAST travel with sRPE.
WHY DIRECTION EFFECTS?
SPEED & AGILITY WEST: Testing at 17:00 Qatar time is 24:00 Australian time
EAST: Testing at 17:00 Australian time is 09:00 Qatar time
= Circadian Rhythm West more so than East
INTERMITTENT-SPRINT EXERCISE EAST: Motivational issues with return home
Accumulated fatigue of study Shorter duration between arrival and testing
= East more so than West
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CONCLUSIONS Long-haul air travel can result in:
• lower-body power and intermittent-sprint performance for 3 days.
• Directional differences for performance?
Merit in tailoring training times and recovery interventions based on:
travel direction and arrival time.
• Recognising the limitations of:
Only descriptive data as of the moment
Diurnal differences across the day to be detailed
Non-elite athletic population
Fatigue accumulation & motivational issues
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
With special acknowledgment of:
Dr Peter Fowler
Dr Wade Knez
Dr Shona Halson
Dr Jo Vaile
Dr Amy Mendham
Stephen Crowcroft