Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005
Observing Cetaceans from Pioneer Seamount
SFSU Pacific Oceanography ProjectMichael Hoffman, Carl Vuosalo, and Roger Bland, Physics and Astronomy
Department and RTC
Newell Garfield, Geosciences Dept and RTC
Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005
SFSU Pacific Oceanography ProjectMichael Hoffman, Carl Vuosalo, and Roger Bland, Physics and
Astronomy Department and RTCNewell Garfield, Geosciences Dept and RTC
1. History (and Fate) of Pioneer Seamount
2. Looking at the Data
3. Species
4. Results of Blue Whale call measurement.
5. The mystery of the 52 Hz Whale
6. Conclusions
Observing Cetaceans from Pioneer Seamount
Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005
PIONEER SEAMOUNT OBSERVATORY
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Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005
MAVERICK’S BREAK
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MISSILE-TRACKING STATION
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MISSILE-TRACKING STATION
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MISSILE-TRACKING STATION
THE RON H. BROWN
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Acoustic Temperature of Ocean Climate (ATOC) Experiment
Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005
ATOC Acoustic Sources
PIONEER SEAMOUNT KAUAI
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Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005
Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005
Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005
Pioneer
Seamount
1 MHz BW
4 analog signals @
1 kHz ea
Pillar Point; digitize, buffer data
Pac Bell ADSL
PMEL NOAA, Newport, Or
internet ftp
2 hrs = 63 MB
SFSU Archive
www.physics.sfsu.edu/
~seamountThe World
20 GB/month
How do we get the sound?
Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005
Raw Data
time0
pres
sure
0
pres
sure
0
10x
3 minutes
1 second
Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005
How do we look at the sound?
• Spectrograms show us the different tones found in a recording of sound.
time0
15 min
freq
uenc
y
500 Hz
0
Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005
Naval Postgraduate School Source Deployments
RAFOS Frequency -Swept Sources
time0
15 min
freq
uenc
y
500 Hz
0
broadband (experimental)
narrowband
Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005
??
0
freq
uenc
y
500 Hz
0
freq
uenc
y
500 Hz
Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005
Earthquakes
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Ship Sounds
1x
10x
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Wind 1x
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Animal Sounds
dolphin frequencies too high for PSM
100 Hz to several kHz
Pioneer S.M. sensitive up to 450 Hz
2 to 50 kHz
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Animal SoundsSCALING: How low can you go?
50 Hz
512 Hz (high C)
10,000 Hz
Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005
10x
1x Can You Name that Whale?
time0
25 min
freq
uenc
y
500 Hz
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Humpback Whales10x
1xMegaptera novaengliea
time0
25 min
freq
uenc
y
500 Hz
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10x Can You Name that Whale?
time0
15 min
freq
uenc
y
500 Hz
Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005
Finback Whales10x
Balaenoptera physalus
time0
15 min
freq
uenc
y
500 Hz
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Whale Zoo at Pioneer Seamount10x
time0 15 min
freq
uenc
y
500 Hz
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Can You Name This Whale?10x
time0 15 min
freq
uenc
y
500 Hz
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Blue Whale
“A” call “B” call
10xBalaenoptera musculus
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The “A” call1x
10x
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The “B” Call1x
10x
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“C” Call10x
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“A-B” Calling Sequence
C C C
A B A B A B A B A B A B A B A B A B A
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Rapid “B” calling10x
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“Maaa Ma”10x
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“D” Calls
• Identified as Blue Whales calls by: Mark A. Mc Donald, John Calambokidis, Arthur Teranishi and John A. Hildebrand, The Acoustic calls of blue whales off California with gender data, Journ. J Acoustic Soc. of Am 109 (4), April 2001.
1x
10x
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Blue Whales Talking?
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10x
time0 15 min
freq
uenc
y
500 Hz
Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005
MATCHED-FILTER DETECTION
)(ts
)( tr
dttrtsc )()()( -10 -5 5 10
-0.2
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
dttrtsc )()()(
dttrtsc )()()(
Finding Calls Automatically
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Finding Calls Automatically: 6,000
detections
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6 pm PST 6 am PST
Day vs. Night time calling
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Seasonal Variability
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Curve fitting with linear chirp
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Frequency and Slope Results:16.01Hz with 0.1 Hz variation
Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005
Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005
Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005
How Do they Do it?
Graphics from Aroyan, McDonald, Webb, Hildebrand, Clark, Laitman and Reidenberg, “Acoustic Models of Sound Production and Propagation,” in Hearing by Whales and Dolphins, ed. Au, Popper and Fay (Springer,2000) p. 409-469.
Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005
Time between calls: all “B” calls
“A-B” calling:T=128 sec=8 sec
“B-only” calling:T=50 sec=3 sec
T
A A AB B B
Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005
Watkins et al: the “52 Hz whale.
Twelve years of tracking 52-Hz whale calls from a unique source in the North Pacific
Watkins, Daher, George and Rodriguez (Woods Hole), Deep-Sea Research I 51 (2004) 1889
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Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005
52 Hz (n=3)
69 Hz (n=4)
17 Hz (n=1)
35 Hz (n=2)
87 Hz (n=5)
Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005
52 Hz (n=3)
69 Hz (n=4)
17 Hz (n=1)
35 Hz (n=2)
87 Hz (n=5)
11sec
18sec
11sec
17sec
Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005
Rapid “B” calling
Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005
Rapid “B” calling
48.6 Hz (n=3)
64 Hz (n=3)
80 Hz (n=3)
32 Hz (n=3)
16 Hz (n=3)
48.1sec
47.3sec
48.1sec
48.2sec
48.5sec
48.2sec
47.3sec
47.3sec
Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005
The Three “B” Calls
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Watkins et al: the “52 Hz whale.
Tracks of cetaceousperigrinations
You are here.
Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005
PioneerSeamount,
Oct. 11
StartAug. 22
2001
Aug. 30
Oct. 23
Dec. 7
Jan. 13
Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005
Conclusions
• We see a lot of interesting Blue Whale behavior just by listening.
• Blue Whales are better at singing than humans. (perfect pitch)
• They have very precise timing.
• We still know almost nothing about the role of these sounds in their lives.
Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005
Speculations/Questions
• The Whales seem to match their pitch to each other. Is the pitch set by some social-hierarchy?
• This frequency may be getting lower due to the population aging. (Whaling was outlawed in the ~1930’s so these are baby boomer Whales.)
• Whale society may not yet be ready for Finn-Blue intermarriage.
• What do you think?
E=Mc^2
Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005
Thanks!
This work would not have been possible without the help and guidance of the following people :
• The Whales.• The American Cetacean Society- SF Bay esp. Doreen Moser• Jim Mercer and University of Washington group.• Chris Fox, Dave Mellinger and Sharon Nieukirk at PMEL• Ching Sang-Chiu at the Naval Post-Graduate School, Monterey• Mark McDonald • The Physics and Astronomy Department and the Romberg Tiburon Center, San
Francisco State University.• Roger Bland at San Francisco State University. • AND ALL OF YOU !!AND ALL OF YOU !!