Sydney Institute for Emerging Sydney Institute for Emerging Infectious Diseases and BiosecurityInfectious Diseases and Biosecurity
Tania SorrellTania Sorrell
SEIBSEIB
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What is an Emerging Infectious Disease?
Why establish an Institute of EID and Biosecurity?
Why at the University of Sydney?
What are our goals?
What is our structure?
What have we achieved since February 2010?
What do we aspire to now?
Epidemic and emerging infectious diseases
HighMorbidityMortality
MajorSocial
Disruption
Major Economic Hardship
Avian flu>US30 billion
~60%
Animal Human
Antibiotic-Resistant
Infections (US) ~$60 billion pa
~70% of these wildlife“One health”
Asia-PacificIncubator andBellweather
Outbreaksand
Antimicrobialresistance
Newly-recognised human infectious agents in the current era
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1980 1990 2000 2010
HIV 2 years
Hepatitis C 17 years
Multi drug RTB
V. cholerae 0139Bartonella
HantavirusT. whippelii
Hendra
Bat lyssa
H5N1Nipah
SARS
Chikungunya
XDR-TBArtemisinin RP. falciparum
H1N1 09
After Brown et al, Yung Text ID, 2010
~2 months
Origin of HIV
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Distribution of EID events (1940-2004)
K. Jones, Nature 2008
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Outbreaks, animals and severe consequences
GPC (Staph) & GNRTB
FungiMalaria
(Viruses)
Influenza, arboviruses, HIV
Avian fluH1N1 09
EncephalitisVirusesDengue
Salmonella, food- borne disease
Antimicrobial resistanceVaccines, drugs and diagnostics
(development and evaluation)
Modelling and Bioinformatics
Expertise in SEIBWhy Sydney?
through
Partnering in research, education and capacity building
communication and advocacy
Sydney Institute for EID and Biosecurity
A multidisciplinary institute devoted to
reducing risks from, and global impacts of,
emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases
Especially in the Asia-Pacific Region
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SEIB
Medicine&
affiliated institutions
Veterinary Science
Nursing & Midwifery
ScienceEngineering, IT
Pharmacy
Law
Economics & Business(Biosecurity)
Arts
Management BoardChair Bruce Robinson
SEPIAC(Advisory)
External alliances(Australia)
Government agencies
NGOsCollaborating
institutions
International alliances
WHO, CDCAsia-Pacific
partnersSwiss Tropical Inst
OtherWestmead
Camperdown
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Emerging infectious Diseases in our time –Research and translation in SEIB
Influenza
(HIV)(Malaria)
Tuberculosis
Cerebral infections
Hepatitis C
Transmissible antibiotic resistance in bacteria
(Resistant infections in closed environments)
New Diagnostics
DiagnosisSurveillance, Data transfer, Policy advice
Response capacity Building, Vietnam
Clinical networksInfection control, Vaccination
Livestock, poultry movement,Spatial charact-erisation, Avian flu Qualitative research
Perception of risk, Responses to media, political
& ethical challenges
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Multidisciplinary research: Influenza
SEIB
CIDMLSAHSLabs
ID/ICU
LawBasic
Science
VetScience
VaccinesSerosurveillanceVaccine uptake
Paed surveillanceEpidemiology
Public Health
Proteome analysisModelling
Int
Security
Studies
CVELIM
Legal, ethical preparedness (region)
ID I
CIDMPH
NCIRSCHW
AHSResistance
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Tuberculosis, 2008
WHO Weekly Epidemiological Record 19/3/2010
9.4 million cases world-wide (54% SE Asia/W Pacific); 1.8 million deaths (19%)1.4 million associated with HIV infection; 0.52 million deaths (37%)
0.5 million cases MDR-TB (INH & RIF); ≥0.15 million deaths (30%)50,000 cases XDR-TB (R to 1st & 2nd line drugs); ≥30,000 deaths (60%)
Mortality
HIV MDR XDRAll
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Group Leader: Dr Jamie Triccas
Areas of Research Development and testing of novel anti-tuberculosis vaccines
Elucidating strategies employed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis to survive within the host and promote virulence
Defining in detail the host immune response to chronic bacterial infection
Discovery of new agents to treat infections with M. tuberculosis
Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunity Group - Tuberculosis
M tuberculosis : Molecular epidemiology
Beijing family (24%) East African/Indian (12%)
Machine learning algorithms (spoligo and MIRU typing): no association genotype/R/clinical phenotypes
Low level transmission; temporo-spatial distribution => migration/residence
aggressive individual pathogenseg S. aureus
co-operative pathogens eg E. coli, P. aeruginosa
Rapid spread of antibiotic resistance in GNR:The shared transmissible gene pool
R plasmids with variable host
range
GPC
GNR
Rapid diagnostics applications through understanding genetics of resistance (high throughput “hyper”multiplex systems)
Iredell Lab, Westmead
Metabolic Complications of HCV
Steatosis (fatty liver) –
HCV Genotype 3
Insulin resistance (diabetes) –
HCV Genotype 1- Faster progression to liver fibrosis,
cirrhosis and liver cancer
- Predicts non-response to antiviral treatment (interferon, ribavirin)
Mechanisms are poorly understood – investigating - Pathways involved
- New drug development
180 million cases; 3-4 million new pa
Malaria - cellular & molecular mechanisms
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Pathogenesis of CNS infections
Cryptococcosis•Determinants of invasion of the CNS•Mechanism of crossing the blood brain barrier
•Immunopathology, cytokine networks•endothelial biology, blood-brain barrier, •microvascular pathology, microparticles
Grau, Hunt
King, Kesson
Sorrell, Djordjevic
Flaviviruses (encephalitis, retinal infection) •In vivo models of immunopathology (WNV) •Transcriptional regulation and role of Toll receptors in immune recognition molecules by WNV•Mathematical modelling of survival parameters
Professor Richard Russell laboratory
Vector Control: Dengue and filariasis
Dengue in Australia
Aedes aegypti
Aim: to reduce use of insecticides
Toxic cloth strip for killing adults
Lethal ovitraps
Sticky plastic strips trap adult mosquitoes to lay eggs
Biodegradable: do not need retrieval and do not become habitats
Existing & potential external networks and collaborations
Swiss TPH Institute
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-
Stage 1 Stage 2
Build profileSecure future
Ensure growthsustainability
Buildcollaborations
Integrate withmajor
UniversityInfrastructuredevelopments
Stage 3
SEIB – 5 year plan
Research
Education &Capacity building
Advocacy & Communication
STPH InstituteIndonesia
ABIN, WHO
Planning daySEIB launch May 19-20
Ed. Initiatives progressingLab twinning in Maldives &
Indonesia
Pandemic flu workshop20 May
Outcomes H1N1 09
Meetingswith key
constituencies
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Support
Sydney Medical School Foundation(to Dec 2010)
Sydney West Area Heath Service(office)
Sydney Medical School(office)
Deliotte (pro bono: Business Plan)
Current objectives
•Continuation of funds for Director & Program Mgr
•Secretarial support (P/T)
•Academic support (Lecturer)
•Scientific exchange support
•Student exchange support
•PhD student stipends
•Conference support
SEIB 2010SEIB 2010
SMH Magazine,15/16 May 2010