Space-based Constraints on Global SO2 Emissions and Timely Updates for NOx Inventories
Randall Martin, Dalhousie and Harvard-Smithsonian
Chulkyu Lee, Dalhousie National Institute of Meteorological Research, Korea
Lok Lamsal, Aaron van Donkelaar, Akhila Padmanabhan, Dalhousie University
Thomas Walker, Dalhousie University University of Toronto
Russell Dickerson, Jennifer Hains, Konstantine Vinnikov, U. Maryland
Nickolay Krotkov, NASA
Andreas Richter, University of Bremen
Accurate Emission Inventories Needed for Climate and AQ Accurate Emission Inventories Needed for Climate and AQ E.g. What is the role of SOE.g. What is the role of SO2 2 Emissions in Aerosol PollutionEmissions in Aerosol Pollution
van Donkelaar et al., EHP, 2010
Global Climatology (2001-2006) of PM2.5 from MODIS & MISR AOD and GEOS-Chem AOD/PM2.5 Relationship
Evaluation for US/Canada
r=0.78 slope=1.02 n=1073
Evaluation with measurements outside Canada/US
Number sites Correlation Slope Bias (ug/m3)
Including Europe 297 0.75 0.89 0.52
Excluding Europe 107 0.76 0.96 -2.8
Poster 4611
Insight into Aerosol Source/Type with Precursor ObservationsInsight into Aerosol Source/Type with Precursor Observations
Lee et al., JGR, 2009
Operational OMI PBL SO2 data corrected with local air mass factor improves agreement of OMI SO2 versus aircraft observations (INTEX-B)
Orig: slope = 1.6, r = 0.71 New: slope = 0.95, r = 0.92
OMI Improved SO2 Vertical Columns for 2006
Anthropogenic Sources Dominate Annual Mean SO2 ColumnVolcanic SO2 Emissions 10% of Anthropogenic Source
Total SO2 Column
Anthropogenic SO2 Column
Fraction from Anthropogenic
GEOS-Chem Simulations for 2006
Lee et al., JGR, in prep.
Use OMI and SCIAMACHY SOUse OMI and SCIAMACHY SO22 Columns to Map SO Columns to Map SO22 Emissions Emissions
Combustion, Smelters, Volcanoes
Emission
SO2SO4
2-
~day
OH, cloud
Tropospheric SO2 column ~ ESO2 Over Land
Phytoplankton
DMSday
Deposition
2
2
( )
( )SO
tSO
OMIE
GEOS Chem
Top-Down Emissions
Evaluate GEOS-Chem SOEvaluate GEOS-Chem SO2 2 Lifetime vs Calculations Lifetime vs Calculations
from In Situ Measurementsfrom In Situ Measurements
U Maryland Research Flights for Eastern U.S.
2( ) 19 7JJA SO hours
Hains, Dickerson, et al., 2007
June - August
Mon JJAMon JJA
JJA Mon
C H
C H
C is SO2 from EPA Network H is GEOS Mixed Layer Depth
Lee et al., JGR, in prep.
Global Anthropogenic Sulfur Emissions Over Land for 2006Global Anthropogenic Sulfur Emissions Over Land for 2006Volcanic SOVolcanic SO22 Columns (>1x10 Columns (>1x101717 molec cm molec cm-2-2) Excluded From Inversion) Excluded From Inversion
49.9 Tg S/yr
54.6 Tg S/yr
r = 0.77
SO2 Emissions (1011 molecules cm-2 s-1)Cloud Radiance Fraction < 0.2
Top-Down (OMI)
Bottom-Up in GEOS-Chem (EDGAR2000, NEI2005, EMEP2005, Streets2006) Scaled to 2006
Lee et al., JGR, in prep.
Anthropogenic Emissions Differences (2006)Anthropogenic Emissions Differences (2006)
-2.2 Tg S/yr
-4.7 Tg S/yr
Cloud Radiance Fraction < 0.2, SZA < 50o Lee et al., JGR, in prep.
Timely Updates to Anthropogenic NOx Emission Timely Updates to Anthropogenic NOx Emission InventoriesInventories
Application of Satellite Observations for Timely Updates Application of Satellite Observations for Timely Updates to Emission Inventories to Emission Inventories
Use GEOS-Chem to Calculate Local Sensitivity of Use GEOS-Chem to Calculate Local Sensitivity of Changes in Trace Gas Column to Changes in EmissionsChanges in Trace Gas Column to Changes in Emissions
E
Walker et al., ACPD, 2010
Local sensitivity of column changes to emissions changes
Fractional Change
in Emissions
Fractional Change in
Trace Gas Column
Lamsal et al., GRL, in prep
Apply to regions where anthropogenic emissions dominate (>50%)
Evaluate Hindcast Inventory Versus Bottom-upEvaluate Hindcast Inventory Versus Bottom-upHindcast for 2003 Based on Bottom-up for 2006 and Hindcast for 2003 Based on Bottom-up for 2006 and
SCIAMACHY NOSCIAMACHY NO22 for 2003-2006 for 2003-2006
Lamsal et al., GRL, in prep
HindcastBottom-up
Poster 4206
Forecast Inventory for 2009 Based on Bottom-up for Forecast Inventory for 2009 Based on Bottom-up for 2006 and SCIAMACHY NO2006 and SCIAMACHY NO22 for 2006-2009 for 2006-2009
Lamsal et al., GRL, in prep
9% increase in global emissions
21% increase in Asian emissions
Poster 4206
ChallengesChallenges
- Better understanding of differences between OMI and SCIAMACHY SO2
- Reduce uncertainty in simulated SO2 lifetime
- Develop adjoint-based inversions
- Reconcile differences between top-down and bottom-up inventories
Encouraging Prospects to Apply Satellite SOEncouraging Prospects to Apply Satellite SO22 and NO and NO22
Observations to Constrain Anthropogenic Emissions Observations to Constrain Anthropogenic Emissions and Recent Changesand Recent Changes
Acknowledgements: Acknowledgements: Environment Canada, Health Canada, NASAEnvironment Canada, Health Canada, NASA