SKIN CANCERANDWARTS
Submitted byIFSHA AKHLAQ 528
SKIN CANCER Skin cancer also known as melanoma is a
cancer that begins in the melanocytes. Because most of these cells still make melanin, melanoma tumors are often brown or black.
EPIDEMIOLOGY In 2007 in united state 56940 cases of
melanoma reported. In 1996 2 per 100000 patient. In 2001 2.7 per 100000 patient reported.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Sun light exposure cause formation of
thymine dimers. DNA repair removes most UV induced damage. Cumulative DNA damage leads to mutation. The sunlight depresses the local immune system and decreasing immune surveillance of new tumor cells.
TYPES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS Unusual sores Lumps Blemishes Marking changes in color.
DIAGNOSTIC TEST Physical examine Skin biopsy Sentinel lymph node biopsy CT scan MRI
TREATMENT Interferon Interleukin-2 Other medicines such as ipilimumab Chemotherapy such as dacarbazine
WARTS Warts are raised bumps on the skin caused
by the human papillomavirus (HPV).
EPIDEMIOLOGY Worldwide frequency is unknown but
estimated approximately 7-12% of the population.
In school aged children 10-20% reported.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY The Human
papillomavirus infects the epithelium and systemic dissemination of the virus not occurs. Virus replicate in the epidermis layer.
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS Rough surface Round or oval warts Spot where warts may be lighter or darker
than other skin Some warts cause pain
DIAGNOSTIC TEST Immunohistochemical detection of HPV
structural proteins. Polymerase chain reaction may be used to
amplify viral DNA
TREATMENT Topical agents Intralesional injections Photodynamic therapy Systemic agents
