1 (i) Identify a specific target from your chosen sporting activity and explain how you would apply SMART factors to make the setting of this target effective. [3]
Use of SMART. Marks are only to be awarded if the answer is directly linked to a target within the chosen activity. - Target must be specific - improve shooting X - run for longer X - more accurate passes
Specific - Directly related to their sport/activity/outcome they want to achieve
Measurable - Objective aspect that can be measured e.g. KG's, seconds etc.
Achievable - Within reach/attainable Relevant - At the correct level for the
performer, challenging Time-Phased - Set time to achieve the goal
including short and long term objectives Evaluated - Self assessment and review of
goals either during or at the end of the time agreed
Recorded - Records kept of training to monitor goals, enables accountability
Agreed - Shared with other parties e.g. coach, other team members
Positive - Motivational/exciting and not negative in any way
3 x 1 marks * must have example
(ii) What are the benefits of goal setting in developing sporting performance? [4]
a. Improve motivation b. Improve self confidence / s elf
esteem c. Help control arousal levels d. Focus on specific aspects of
performance e.g. weaker areas e. Specific
technical/tactical/physical aspects can be focussed upon
f. Feeling of success/achievement can be experienced
g. Can regulate effort on specific aspects of performance
h. Comparisons with previous goals be made.
i. Monitor performance.
In this section we investigate:
Technical Development
•What is a skill and how skills differ from abilities
•How the brain learns movement Skills
•Theories involved with learning Skills
•How we can best teach different sorts of skills
State the characteristics of skills and abilities Describe the difference between a skill and
abilities Be able to confidently classify 1 skill on 6
continua Be able to justify why you have placed a skill
on a continua Be able to apply an exam mark scheme on
skill classification to an answer
From what you have found out in the ALZ : –
Write down 5 words your associate with skills and 5 you associate with abilities
What’s the difference?
Skills are:
•Learned: You are not born with them
•Permanent Changes in Behaviour
• Goal Directed: Used to achieve something
•Efficient: Minimum effort
•Fluent
•Aesthetic
The word ‘Skill’ can be used in two main ways:
•To relate to an act or task (taking a penalty kick)
•As an indicator of the quality of a performance (a well executed shot may be said to be skilful)
Skills usually need to bring together a number of
our Abilities
We are not born with the skills of catching, kicking and throwing etc they have to be learned
But we are born with underlying factors that allow us to perform those tasks
Natural Innate or inherited Tend to be enduring traits E.g.
Strength
Co-ordination
Quick thinking
Agility
Speed
Catch a ball?
Hand eye coordination
Accuracy
Balance
Fine motor control
Combinations of abilities are needed to perform most skills
What are psychomotor abilities? Give examples Movement controlled by the brain
(psycho…brain; motor…movement Accuracy, precision, co-ordination and control,
multi-limb co-ordination, control precision, aiming, rate control (changing speed and direction), speed of arm movement, arm hand steadiness, wrist and finger speed
generally related to athletic and gross physical performance
i.e. physical fitness abilities (muscular composition, lung volume, heart efficiency, levers etc) e.g. stamina, speed and strength
Despite her early performances being unsuccessful or needing her coaches support she has:
Learned to do the skill and can now do this every time,
Would gain a good mark in a competition
Performs with minimum effort and so efficiently
Performs the movement fluently and with confidence
Looks good in the performance and generally is close to the technical model
When we say a Gymnast has performed a skilful back somersault we mean that:
There are 3 different Types of Skill
Intellectual Skills or Cognitive Skills
Skills that involve the use of a persons mental powers like
problem solving and verbal reasoning
Perceptive Skills
Interpreting and making use of information coming in via
the senses. eg. where to pass the ball or which shot to play in Golf
Motor Skills
Smoothly executing physical movements and responses(Voluntary Movements – eg. writing your name)
Cognitive Knowing
Perceptive(Affective)
Feeling
Motor Doing
Psychomotor/ Perceptual Motor Skills: when decisions are applied to an action so often using all 3 types of skill
Classification of Movement Skills
Skills have been classified on a variety of continuum.
A continuum is a line with two opposing ends and gradual changes in characteristics in between
There are 4 main Continuum
Fine (Snooker Shot) Gross (Shot Putt)
1) Precision of the Movement
2) Is there a Definite Beginning and End?
Continuous Serial Discrete
Running Triple Jump Badminton Serve
3) Who Controls the timing of the movement?
4) Does the Environment affect the skill?
Internal Pace(Tennis Serve)
External Pace(Return of Serve)
OPEN(Hockey pass in Game)
CLOSED(Hockey pass in Practice
Place each of the following 8 skills on the first 4 continua (use an X and a letter to identify the skill
Long jump Cycling Basketball dribble Basketball lay up Taking a penalty in
football Gymnastic vault Rifle range shooting Receiving a serve in
badminton