Sketching & Dimensioning
Pictorial Drawings
Shows an object like you would see in a photograph
Give a three dimensional view of a room or structure
Three common types Isometric Oblique Perspective
Pictorial Sketch of Kitchen
Isometric Drawings
The most common pictorials Constructed with the two faces 30 degrees
above the horizontal The axes are 120 degrees between each axis Lines that are horizontal are drawn at 30
degrees Vertical lines remain vertical
Isometric of a Cube
Isometric Dimensioning
Dimension lines are parallel to the isometric axes
Extension lines are extended in line with these axes
Isometric Dimensioning
Oblique Drawings
The front view is draw like it would be using orthographic projection
The front view shows all features with true shape and size
The top and side view are then projected back from the front view
Views can be at any angle 15, 30 or 45 degrees are common
Oblique Drawings Cont.
Useful when the front contains more details and features than the side view
A mental image can be created more quickly than with orthographic alone
Two types of oblique drawings cavalier cabinet
Oblique Drawing
Cavalier Oblique
The entire drawing uses the same scale Sometimes creates a distorted appearance
Cavalier Oblique Drawing
Cabinet Oblique
Measurements on the receding axes are reduced by half
More visually realistic representation Often used for drawing cabinets
Cabinet Oblique Drawing
Perspective Drawings
The most realistic of all pictorial drawings Receding lines in the drawing “meet” at a
vanishing point instead of being parallel Eliminates distortion at the back part of
pictorial drawings Two types
parallel (one-point) perspective angular (two point) perspective
Perspective Drawing
Parallel Perspective (One Point) One face of the object is shown as the front
view Lines parallel to the front view remain parallel Lines that are perpendicular to the front view
converge at a SINGLE VANISHING POINT
Angular Perspective (Two-Point) Similar to isometric drawings One edge of the object is place in front The two faces that meet at this edge recede
to DIFFERENT VANISHING POINTS All lines parallel to each face go to the
different vanishing points
Angular Perspective Drawing
Horizon Below Object
Exploded Pictorial Drawings
Used to show relative position of parts or construction details
Used to clarify assembly sequence Common in appliance and cabinetry service
manuals
Exploded Pictorial Drawing
Dimensioning Standards
Standards are different in different career areas.
Civil, Electrical, Construction and other areas follow similar practices, but sometimes with less need for precision in measurements.
Dimensioned drawings are a part of a contractual document.
Dimension Lines
Various means to terminating ends arrow head dot tick
Normally, dimensions are shown ABOVE dimension line
If dimension is needed for construction, it should be on drawing
Do not included unnecessary dimensions
Types of Dimension Lines
Dimensioning Floor Plans
Frame Construction dimensions usually start at the exterior surface
of the stud wall interior walls usually dimensioned to the center
of partitions
Window and Door Openings
Frame Construction Located by their center lines
Window and Door Openings
Masonry Construction Openings are dimensioned to the edges of the
masonry surface openings