S.C.A.P. V S T.R.O.D./H.O.T. W.A.D.D.
Pretérito vs Imperfecto
El pretérito
Single
Completed
Action in the
Past
Claves
una vezel/la ___ pasado/a (la semana pasada)ayeranocheanteayercuando (interrupting an action)
El imperfecto
Time, age, date & weather
Repeated (habitual) action
Ongoing action (no definite end)
Description – mental, physical or emotional
El imperfecto
Habitual
Ongoing
Time & age
Weather
Age
Date
Description – mental, physical or emotional
Claves
Todos/as los/las… (todos los días)Cada ____ (cada semana)Siempre/nuncaGeneralmente, normalmente, frecuentemente, por lo
generalDe vez en cuandoMuchas vecesA menudoMucho/pocoRara vezMientras (2 ongoing actions)
El pretérito
Regular endings
-ar verbs -er/-ir verbs
é amos í imosaste asteis iste
isteisó aron ió ieron
El pretérito
Car/gar/zar
only in “yo” form
-car -qué (tocar, empacar, …)
-gar -gué (pagar, llegar, entregar,…)
-zar -cé (almorzar, empezar,…)
El pretérito
Irregulares (5)*no accents used
Hacer (hic-*) = to do;make
Dar = to give
Ver = to see
Ir/ser = to go/to be
El pretérito
Irregular stems (16)“i” stems (3)
querer, hacer*, venir“u” stems (8)
poder, saber, caber, poner tener, estar, andar, haber*“j” stems (5)
decir, traducir, conducir, producir, traer drop “i” in ending of “ellos,ellas, Uds.” form
endings: e, iste, o, imos, isteis, ieron/jeronno accents used
El pretérito
iy verbsOnly changes in 3rd person formsVerbs that end in –eer, -aer, -uir and the verb
oírAccents in all forms but “ellos, ellas, Uds.”; -
uir verbs follow regular accent ruleleer, creer, caer(se), destruir, construir,
influir, etc.
El pretérito
Stem-changing –ir verbs(“boot” to “shoe”)Only in 3rd person formsOnly by one letter (ou; ei)dormir, morirmentir, preferir, pedir, repetir, competir, sonreír,
servir, seguir,…
El imperfecto
Regular
-ar verbs -er/-ir verbsaba ábamos ía íamosabas abais ías íaisaba aban ía ían
El imperfecto
Irregulares (3)Ser = to be Ir = to go
era éramos iba íbamoseras erais ibas ibaisera eran iba iban
Ver = to seeveía veíamosveías veíaisveía veían
¡Cuidado!
got; received Tener had; agemanaged to (+); failed (-) Poder was able to
Tried (+); refused (-) Querer wanted tofound out Saber knew (info.)
met someone (1st time) Conocer knew (someone)
Definite result / indefinite result