Introduction TheFrenchWar 3 Army Lists SwedishArmy1635-41 4 ImperialArmy/SaxonArmy1635-41 4 Imperial/BavarianArmy1638 5 WeimarianArmy1638 6 ImperialArmy1642-45 7 SwedishArmy1642-45 7 SpanishArmy1643 8 FrenchArmy1643 8 BavarianArmy1644 9 FrenchArmy1644 9 GermanArmy1644 10 Bavarian/ImperialArmy1645 10 French/HessianArmy1645 11 ImperialArmy1646-48 12 BavarianArmy1646-48 12 SwedishArmy1646-48 13 FrenchArmy1646-48 13 Swedish&FrenchGeneralsProfiles 14 CavalryTactics 15 Imperial,Bavarian&SpanishGeneralsProfiles 15 InfantryTactics 16 DismountedCavalry 16 SwedishMuskets 16 Scenario BattleofWittstock 17 BattleofJankow 19 War-Tokens BenefitialEffect 21 DetrimentalEffect 21 FuriaFrancese 21 Acknowledgments 21

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FearingthattheSwedishoffensiveinGermanyhadgroundto a halt, the French first minister Cardinal Richelieudecided to intervene.AHabsburg revival following theirvictoryovertheSwedesatNördlingenwasnotinFrancesinterests and so the Cardinal secured an alliance withtheDutchRepublic,BernhardofSax-WeimarandseveralItalianstates.

However, the French opening moves in the Rhinelandwerenot successfulandby1636Spanishand Imperialisttroops threatenedParis.TheFrenchdidmanage toholdthe Catholic forces and eventually drove them out andbetween1637and1648theSpanishandImperialistarmiessufferedastringofdefeats.Thiswasthemostdestructivephaseofthewar,nolongerareligiousstrugglebetweenProtestantsandCatholics(CatholicFrancefoughtCatholicSpain)thiswasnowawarofoccupationandannihilation.

In1643theSpanisharmysufferedthedisasterofRocroi,wherethesuperiorityoftheFrencharmywasestablishedandwhereSpainwasfinally removedfromtheHabsburgcause.

From 1636 the Empire suffered a series of destructivedefeats at the hands of the Swedes, at Wittstock andRheinfelden in 1638 and a second battle at Breitenfeldin1642.TherewereFrenchdefeatstoo-atTuttlingenin1643andFreiburgin1644butthesewereoutweighedbycrucialvictoriesatNördlingen,JankauandZusmarshausen.Facedwiththeprospectof losingPraguetotheSwedes,theEmperorwasforcedtoagreetotermsandsignedthePeace of Westphalia, the treaty that ended the ThirtyYearsWar -althoughthispeacedidnotendthefightingbetween France and Spain - who remained at war foranotherdecade.

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Army: The Swedish Army 1635-41Commander: BanerGenerals: Torstensson, Leslie, Karr, Stalhansk, Vitzthum, Ruthven

Unit Type Formation Grade Number Strength WeaponSwedishInfantry Regiment Veteran 2 18-20 p/S*

ScottishInfantry Regiment Veteran 2 12-16 p/S*

GermanInfantry Regiment Veteran 1 18 p/S*

GermanInfantry Regiment Regular 3 16-20 p/S*

LifeGuardHorse Trotter Elite 1 12 S

FinnishHorse Galloper Veteran 2 6-9 S

SwedishHorse Trotter Veteran 2 6-9 S

GermanHorse Trotter Veteran 4 6-9 S

GermanHorse Trotter Regular 12 6-9 S

Demi-Cannon Artillery Regular 3 - S

Demi-Culverin Artillery Regular 4 - S

*BattalionGun Artillery - - - S

ThetablesonthispageshowstheSwedishandImperialarmieswhichcampaignedduring1635-41andfoughtattheBattleofWittstock.

Army: The Imperial/Saxon Army 1635-41Commander: HatzfeldGenerals: Marrazino, Kalkstein, Wildberg, Ulhefeld

Unit Type Formation Grade Number Strength WeaponImperialInfantry LaterTercio Veteran 2 16 p/S*

ImperialInfantry LaterTercio Regular 4 16 p/S*

LeagueInfantry LaterTercio Veteran 1 16 p/S*

SaxonInfantry Regiment Regular 3 16 p/S*

ImperialCuirassier Trotter Veteran 4 8-10 S

ImperialCuirassier Trotter Regular 8 8-10 S

ImperialArquebusier Caracole Regular 1 10 S

ImperialDragoon Dragoon Regular 2 8-10 S

CroatHorse Skirmish Regular 2 8-10 S

CossackHorse Skirmish Regular 1 6-8 S

Demi-Cannon Artillery Regular 2 - S

Demi-Culverin Artillery Regular 1 - S

Falcon Artillery Regular 2 - S

*BattalionGun Artillery - - - S

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Army: The Imperial/Bavarian Army 1638Commander: WerthGenerals: Savelli, Gotz

Unit Type Formation Grade Number Strength WeaponImperialInfantry LaterTercio Veteran 1 16 p/S*

ImperialInfantry LaterTercio Regular 1 20 p/S*

BavarianInfantry LaterTercio Veteran 2 16-24 p/S*

BavarianInfantry LaterTercio Regular 3 16-24 p/S*

ImperialCuirassier Trotter Veteran 1 8 S

ImperialCuirassier Trotter Regular 1 10 S

ImperialHorse Trotter Regular 2 8-10 S

ImperialDragoon Dragoon Regular 1 8 S

BavarianCuirassier Trotter Veteran 2 8-16 S

BavarianCuirassier Trotter Regular 3 8-16 S

BavarianHorse Trotter Regular 2 8 S

BavarianDragoon Dragoon Regular 2 8 S

BavarianArquebusier Caracole Regular 1 8 S

CroatHorse Skirmish Regular 2 8-10 S

CossackHorse Skirmish Regular 1 6-8 S

Demi-Cannon Artillery Regular 3 - S

Demi-Culverin Artillery Regular 1 - S

Falcon Artillery Regular 1 - S

*BattalionGun Artillery - - - S

ThistableshowstheImperialandBavarianthatfoughtBernhardofSax-WeimarsFrench/GermanarmyattheBattleofRheinfeldenin1638.

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Army: The Weimarian Army 1638Commander: Sax-WeimarGenerals: Taupadel

Unit Type Formation Grade Number Strength WeaponLifeGuardFoot Regiment Elite 1 8 S

FrenchInfantry Regiment Veteran 3 12-16 p/S*

FrenchInfantry Regiment Regular 4 12-16 p/S*

ScottishInfantry Regiment Veteran 1 12 p/S*

IrishInfantry Regiment Veteran 1 12 p/S*

GermanInfantry Regiment Veteran 1 20 p/S*

GermanInfantry Regiment Regular 7 12-36 p/S*

LifeGuardHorse Trotter Elite 1 3 S

FrenchHorse Galloper Veteran 1 8 S

FrenchHorse Galloper Regular 2 8 S

GermanHorse Trotter Veteran 2 8-12 S

GermanHorse Trotter Regular 8 8-12 S

GermanDragoon Dragoon Regular 1 14 S

Demi-Cannon Artillery Regular 1 1 S

Demi-Culverin Artillery Regular 3 3 S

*BattalionGuns Artillery - - - S

ThetableaboveshowsthecombinedFrenchandGermanforcescommandedbyBernhardofSax-Weimarduring1638andwhichfoughtattheBattleofRheinfeldenin1638.AdescriptionoftheFrenchforcesfollowslaterinthissection.

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Army: The Imperial Army 1642 - 45Commander: Archduke LeopoldGenerals: Piccolomini, Gonzaga, Borneval, Suys, Puchheim

Unit Type Formation Grade Number Strength WeaponImperialInfantry LaterTercio Veteran 4 16-20 p/S*

ImperialInfantry LaterTercio Regular 6 16-20 p/S*

GuardCuirassier Trotter Elite 2 6 S

ImperialCuirassier Trotter Veteran 4 8-10 S

ImperialCuirassier Trotter Regular 16 8-10 S

ImperialHorse Trotter Regular 3 8-10 S

ImperialArquebusier Caracole Regular 2 8-10 S

ImperialDragoon Dragoon Regular 1 8 S

CroatHorse Skirmish Regular 4 8-10 S

Demi-Cannon Artillery Regular 1 - S

Demi-Culverin Artillery Regular 6 - S

Falcon Artillery Regular 2 - S

*BattalionGuns Artillery Regular - - S

ThistableshowstheImperialarmycommandedbyArchdukeLeopoldHabsburgduringthe1642to45campaignandwhichfoughtattheBattlesofBreitenfeld(secondbattle)andJankow.

Army: The Swedish Army 1642 - 45Commander: TorstenssonGenerals: Wittenberg, Stalhansk, Lilliehook, Wrangel, Lillie, Schlang, Konigsmarck

Unit Type Formation Grade Number Strength WeaponSwedishInfantry Regiment Veteran 3 16-20 p/S*

GermanInfantry Regiment Veteran 1 20 p/S*

GermanInfantry Regiment Regular 6 16-20 p/S*

LifeGuardHorse Trotter Elite 1 12 S

FinnishHorse Galloper Veteran 2 8-12 S

GermanHorse Trotter Veteran 4 8-12 S

GermanHorse Trotter Regular 14 8-12 S

Demi-Cannon Artillery Regular 3 - S

Demi-Culverin Artillery Regular 3 - S

*BattalionGuns Artillery Regular - - S

ThetableaboveshowstheSwedisharmycommandedbyLennartTorstenssonduringthe1642to45campaignandwhichfoughtattheBattlesofBreitenfeld(secondbattle)andJankow.

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