18th Century
• 1715 Death of Louis XIV- royal patronage declined• Paris hotel –elegant townhouse, and salon • Patronage- French aristocracy to middle class and
bourgeoisie– Madame de Pompadour (France)
• Industrial Revolution• Musical giants- Vivaldi, Bach, Hayden and Mozart• France & Austria- Seven Year’s War• England- New World, India• American Revolution• French Revolution
18th Centruy
Rococo- 1700- 1775
– Rocaille and coquille “rock” and “shell”– Extension of Baroque– Ornate, frivolous style– Aristocratic appeal– Mainly France– England and America- Baroque
The Age of Enlightenment
• Rene Descartes- “I think, therefore I am”
• Denis Diderot- study from nature, outside
• Divine right of kings?
• Reason and intellect, human ability to control nature
Germain Boffrand
Salon de la Princessewith painting by Charles-Joseph Natoire andsculpture by J.B. Lemoine
Hôtel de Soubise, Paris, France
1737-1740
Rococo- style of interior design
François de Cuvilliès
Hall of Mirrors, the AmalienburgNymphenburg Palace Park, Munich, Germany
early 18th C.
Rococo in Germany
François de Cuvilliès
Hall of Mirrors, the AmalienburgNymphenburg Palace Park, Munich, Germany
early 18th C.
Antoine Watteau
L’Indifferent
ca. 1716oil on canvas10 x 7 in.
• Most prominent Rococo painter• Born in Flanders -> France• overall mood, feeling?• shimmer of color•Different patrons of 17th vs. 18th c.
Antoine Watteau
Return from Cythera
1717-1719oil on canvas4 ft. 3 in. x 6 ft. 4 in.
• Rubens influence – color, painterly• Fete galante• Classical • Light, color
François Boucher
Cupid a Captive
1754oil on canvas5 ft. 6 in. x 2 ft. 10 in.
•Painter for Madame de Pompadour•Allegories•Italian and French Baroque
Jean-Honoré Fragonard
The Swing
1766oil on canvas2 ft. 11 in. x 2 ft. 8 in.
• Boucher’s student• Textures• Patterns• Content• Classical
The Age of Enlightenment
• Rene Descartes- “I think, therefore I am”• The encyclopedia• Isaac Newton• Denis Diderot- study from nature, outside• Science and rational improvement of Society• Voltaire- the personification of the Enlightenment spirit• Court of Louis XVI• Divine right of kings?• Reason and intellect, human ability to control nature
William Hunter
Child in Wombfrom Anatomy of the Human Gravid Uterus
1774
• scientific interests• illustrations and teaching aids for doctors• more accurate than previous
Joseph Wright of Derby
A Philosopher Giving a Lecture at the Orrery
ca. 1763-1765oil on canvas4 ft. 10 in. x 6 ft. 8 in.
•Painting reflects the Enlightenment•Electricity•Power of steam•Industrial Revolution- England
Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin
Grace at Table
1740oil on canvas1 ft. 7 in. x 1 ft. 3 in.
• France- natural • Baroque?• bourgeois realism• genre scenes• morals found in peasant’s simple life• owned by King Louis XV
Élisabeth Louise Vigée-Lebrun
Self-Portrait
1790oil on canvas8 ft. 4 in. x 6 ft. 9 in.
• Rococo?• self-confident• one of few women admitted to Academy
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Self-Portrait in a Straw Hatafter 1782Oil on canvas, 98 x 70 cm
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Élisabeth Louise Vigée-Lebrun
Marie Antoinette and Her Children
1788, Oil on canvas
8 ft. 10 in. x 6 ft. 4 3/4 in.
William Hogarth
Breakfast Scene from Marriage à la Mode
ca. 1745oil on canvas2 ft. 4 in. x 3 ft.
• England- natural• Baroque?• Satirical art- middle class• Social commentary• Moral intentions• Hogarth defined English style of painting
Thomas Gainsborough
Mrs. Richard Brinsley Sheridan
1787oil on canvas7 ft. 2 5/8 in. x 5 ft. 5/8 in.
• Rococo? •Landscape + portriats• leading artist in Grand Manner portraiture
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Blue Boyc. 1770,oil on canvas70.0 in × 44.1 in
Sir Joshua Reynolds
Lady Sarah Bunbury Sacrificing to the Graces
1765oil on canvas7 ft. 10 in. x 5 ft.
• Rococo • Portraits + classical • soft, elegant
Sir Joshua Reynolds
Lord Heathfield
1787oil on canvas4 ft. 8 in. x 3 ft. 9 in.
• key = victory• unidealized realism
Charles Wilson Peale
George Washington
ca. 1779-81oil on canvas95 x 61 3/4 in.
• Colonial America • Leading portraitist to George Washington• American Revolution
Benjamin West
The Death of General Wolfe
1771oil on canvasapproximately 5 x 7 ft.
• Pennsylvania born- went to England• cofounder of Royal Academy of Arts• succeeded Sir Joshua Reynolds- president• official painter to King George III
• Subject: contemporary historical • realism + drama• English general• defeat of French in Quebec
John Singleton Copley
Portrait of Paul Revere
ca. 1768-1770oil on canvas2 ft. 11 1/8 in. x 2 ft. 4 in.
• Massachusetts• left for England• English portrait style• Painted BEFORE England• silversmith• Baroque?
Canaletto
dome of the Chapel of Saint Ivo College of the Sapienza
Rome, Italy
begun 1642
• Italy• Baroque?• camera obscura• very realistic landscapes, details• Venice