Recycling in the Biosphere– Elements pass from one organism to another
and among parts of the biosphere through
closed loops called biogeochemical cycles,
which are powered by the flow of energy.
– As matter moves through these cycles, it is
never created or destroyed—just changed.
Biogeochemical Cycles will be classified using:
1. Biological Processes
2. Geological Processes
3. Chemical and Physical Processes
4. Human Activity
Bio geo chemicalbio= life
geo= earth
Biological Processes
- Eating
- Photosynthesis
- Breathing
- Burning food
- Transpiration
- Eliminating Waste
Any and all activities performed by living organisms including:
Geological Processes
Including: - volcanic eruptions
- formation/breakdown of rock
- major movements of earth matter above and below the surface.
Chemical and Physical Processes
Including:- Formation of clouds
- Precipitation
- Flow of running water
- Action of lightning
Human Activity
Including:- Mining
- Clearing of land for building and farming
- Burning of fossil fuels
• Are the following processes Biological Processes, Geological Processes, Chemical/Physical Processes, or Human Activity?
• Are the following processes Biological Processes, Geological Processes, Chemical/Physical Processes, or Human Activity?
• Are the following processes Biological Processes, Geological Processes, Chemical/Physical Processes, or Human Activity?
• Are the following processes Biological Processes, Geological Processes, Chemical/Physical Processes, or Human Activity?
• Are the following processes Biological Processes, Geological Processes, Chemical/Physical Processes, or Human Activity?
• Are the following processes Biological Processes, Geological Processes, Chemical/Physical Processes, or Human Activity?
• Are the following processes Biological Processes, Geological Processes, Chemical/Physical Processes, or Human Activity?
• Are the following processes Biological Processes, Geological Processes, Chemical/Physical Processes, or Human Activity?
• Are the following processes Biological Processes, Geological Processes, Chemical/Physical Processes, or Human Activity?
• Are the following processes Biological Processes, Geological Processes, Chemical/Physical Processes, or Human Activity?
• Are the following processes Biological Processes, Geological Processes, Chemical/Physical Processes, or Human Activity?
• Are the following processes Biological Processes, Geological Processes, Chemical/Physical Processes, or Human Activity?
• Are the following processes Biological Processes, Geological Processes, Chemical/Physical Processes, or Human Activity?
• Are the following processes Biological Processes, Geological Processes, Chemical/Physical Processes, or Human Activity?
• Are the following processes Biological Processes, Geological Processes, Chemical/Physical Processes, or Human Activity?
• Are the following processes Biological Processes, Geological Processes, Chemical/Physical Processes, or Human Activity?
• Are the following processes Biological Processes, Geological Processes, Chemical/Physical Processes, or Human Activity?
• Are the following processes Biological Processes, Geological Processes, Chemical/Physical Processes, or Human Activity?
• Are the following processes Biological Processes, Geological Processes, Chemical/Physical Processes, or Human Activity?
• Are the following processes Biological Processes, Geological Processes, Chemical/Physical Processes, or Human Activity?
• Are the following processes Biological Processes, Geological Processes, Chemical/Physical Processes, or Human Activity?
• Are the following processes Biological Processes, Geological Processes, Chemical/Physical Processes, or Human Activity?
• Are the following processes Biological Processes, Geological Processes, Chemical/Physical Processes, or Human Activity?
• Are the following processes Biological Processes, Geological Processes, Chemical/Physical Processes, or Human Activity?
• Are the following processes Biological Processes, Geological Processes, Chemical/Physical Processes, or Human Activity?
• Are the following processes Biological Processes, Geological Processes, Chemical/Physical Processes, or Human Activity?
The Water Cycle
The Water Cycle
Evaporation
Evaporation
Condensation
Condensation
Precipitation
Groundwater
Precipitation
Groundwater
Transpiration
Runoff
The Carbon Cycle
Fossil Fuels
Dissolved CO2
Geologic Activity
Cellular Respiration
Burning Fossil Fuels
Atmospheric Carbon
Photosynthesis
Nutrients– The chemical substances
that an organism needs to
sustain life are called
nutrients.
– Nutrients build tissues
and carry out life
functions.
– Nutrients pass through
organisms and the
environment through
biogeochemical cycles.
HabitatHabitat – the area where an organism lives,
including biotic and abiotic factors.
NicheNiche – the full range of physical and biological conditions required by an organism and how it uses them
This may include:
• Type of food it eats• Who eats it• Physical conditions required
to survive• When and how it reproduces.• What resources it needs.
Resources
Plants:
– Sunlight – Water– Nutrients– Space
Animals:
– Nesting space
– Shelter
– Types of food
– Places to feed
Resource: any necessity of life, such as food, water, light, nutrients, or space.
The four Main Interactions Among Species are . . .
Predation
Competition
Herbivory
Symbiosis
Interactions Among Species
Competition - an interactionthat occurs when organisms of the same or different species attempt to use a resource at the same place and time.
Competitive exclusion principle
No two species can occupy the same niche, in the same habitat, at the same time.
Interactions Among Species
Predation – an interaction in which one organism capturesand feeds on another organism.
Predator – the organism that does the killing and eating
Prey – the food organism
Interactions Among Species
Herbivory - an interaction in which one animal (herbivore) feeds on a producer (plants).
Purple Martin and European Starling:have similar nesting spaces.
Predation, Competition, or Herbivory?
Purple Martin
European Starling
Purple Martin and European Starling:have similar nesting spaces.
Competition
Purple Martin
European Starling
Predation, Competition, or Herbivory?
Herbivory
Predation, Competition, or Herbivory?
Competition
Predation, Competition, or Herbivory?
Predation
Predation, Competition, or Herbivory?
Competition
Predation, Competition, or Herbivory?
Predation
Predation, Competition, or Herbivory?
• Non-native African Honey Bee and Native Bees eat the same food resources.
Competition
• Non-native African Honey Bee and Native Bees eat the same food resources.
Predation, Competition, or Herbivory?
Monarch Caterpillar and Milkweed
Herbivory
Monarch Caterpillar and Milkweed
Predation, Competition, or Herbivory?
Competition
SYMBIOSIS!Symbiosis – any relationship in which two species live closely together.
The three types of symbiotic relationships are. . .
– Mutualism– Commensalism– Parasitism
Parasitism
• Parasitism – a symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives on or inside
another organism and harms it. (+,-)
Example: Snail and Parasitic Worms
Parasitic worms: Take over the snails brain and force the snail to go to an exposed location so that it can be eaten by a bird (-). The parasitic worms then develop in the stomach of the bird (+).
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Go_LIz7kTok – zombie snail
Mutualism• Mutualism – a symbiotic
relationship in which both species benefit. (+,+)
Example: Hummingbirds and Flowers
Hummingbirds: gets a meal from the flower’s nectar. (+)
Flowers: get pollinated by dusting the hummingbird with pollen that will be carried to the next flower (+)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BXxMjLBX0FE – humming birds and flowers
Commensalism• Commensalism – a symbiotic
relationship in which one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped. (+, 0)
Example: Capybara and Flycatcher:
Capybara stir up insects that are living in the grasses and provide food for the flycatcher (+), the capybara aren’t helped or harmed in the process (0)