READING AGE-SEX PYRAMID
AFFECTED BY ASSOCIATED FACTOR
MIGRATION AND AGE-SEX COMPOSITION
Quite often people who migrate are looking for employment
Great majority of movers will be young adults
The pyramid shows the effect that a massive influx of labour migrants
(C) Francesco Scudellari-Comenius Assistantship 2010/11
Male Female
Population in thousands
This country has a large number of temporary
workers. These are people who migrate here especially
to find a job.
e.g. of male labour influx:
2000: Qatar2005: Dubai,
e.g of female labour influx:2000: USA (from The Philippines)
FERTILITY AND AGE-SEX COMPOSITION
On average, between 103 and 107 boys are born for every 100 girls
As a result, males outnumbered females
Decrease in the overall fertility will reduce the size of the younger cohorts of the population
Baby booms are created when large proportions of the women in a population have children in the same years, typically due to some critical event (e.g. end of a war)
For example, the shape of the population pyramid of USA in 2000 especially at ages 34-54, reflects in part, the effects of the post-World War II baby boom
MORTALITY AND AGE-SEX COMPOSITION
Male tend to die at higher rates at all ages than females
Most changes in mortality experienced by a population typically affect people in certain age-sex group
E.g: A reduction in deaths from infectious and parasitic diseases
typically affect younger people the most
Conversely, reduction in deaths from chronic and degenerative diseases tends to affect older people more
The pyramid of Sudan in 1990
The AIDS pandemic is already having marked effects on some young adults population
THE PROBLEMS CAUSED BY HIGH DEPENDENCY RATIOS Youthful populations of many LEDCs:
Government needs to spend more money on education and healthcare. However, LEDCs are unlikely to have sufficient money to spend, therefore education levels of women remain low and will continue to have large families
More young women are reaching child bearing age so natural increase will continue to be high
Overpopulation – not enough resources to support the youthful population
Ageing population in MEDCs:
THE PROBLEMS CAUSED BY HIGH DEPENDENCY RATIOS
Limited manpower for defense of a country
Give pressure to government to provide more medical and health facility for ageing population
Shortage of labour, most of elderly retire and not enough young people to replace them
Need more housing facilities and transport to meet the need of ageing population
HOW MAY PYRAMID CHANGE OVER TIME?
Over time, as a country develops, the shape of its population pyramid changes from a triangular
shape to a barrel-like shape with straighter edges.
(C) Francesco Scudellari-Comenius Assistantship 2010/11
What happens next?
POPULATION PYRAMID OF JAPAN in the year 2000
(C) Francesco Scudellari-Comenius Assistantship 2010/11
POPULATION PYRAMID OF JAPAN in the year 2025
(C) Francesco Scudellari-Comenius Assistantship 2010/11
What is going to happen to Japan’s population in the future?Why does this matter?
POPULATION PYRAMID OF JAPAN in the year 2050
(C) Francesco Scudellari-Comenius Assistantship 2010/11
POPULATION PYRAMID OF INDIA in the year 2000
What happens next?
(C) Francesco Scudellari-Comenius Assistantship 2010/11
POPULATION PYRAMID OF INDIA in the year 2025
(C) Francesco Scudellari-Comenius Assistantship 2010/11
POPULATION PYRAMID OF INDIA in the year 2050
1990 2000 2010
2020 2050
BRUNEI