Streaming Video
Alan BarkerAlan Barker
Antony VoznesenskyAntony Voznesensky
Chris HarrisChris Harris
by
What is Streaming?
Real-time transmission of video + audio Real-time transmission of video + audio signals over the Internetsignals over the Internet
CNN sample streamCNN sample stream
Benefits of Streaming
CompaniesCompanies ConsumersConsumers AcademicsAcademics
Consumers
HDTVHDTV Digital CinemaDigital Cinema Video on demandVideo on demand
The American Past Time:
Television
Digital TV
“As the 500 channel universe becomes a reality, broadcasters are looking for ways to ensure viewer retention and enable new viewer acquisition. Digital television allows them to accomplish this by not only delivering better video and audio quality to their viewers, but by also allowing them to differentiate their service offerings through combining interactive television applications with traditional television programming content.”
What is Digital TV?The digital reception of a program on a
television monitor.
Advantages of Digital TV
Greater Picture Quality from digital signal -Greater Picture Quality from digital signal -HDTVHDTV
Watch any program at any time, without Watch any program at any time, without interruptions. TIVOinterruptions. TIVO
Interactive TV--Internet Capabilities, E-Interactive TV--Internet Capabilities, E-Commerce opportunities from your TV Commerce opportunities from your TV Ultimate TV.Ultimate TV.
Interactive TV 2.2 million households 2.2 million households
are projected to have the are projected to have the interactive TV serviceinteractive TV service by the end of the year by the end of the year [Forrester Research][Forrester Research]
Nearly Nearly one-quarter of one-quarter of all U.S. householdsall U.S. households will will be using Interactive be using Interactive Television by 2004 Television by 2004 [Forrester Research][Forrester Research]
Interactive television Interactive television advertising revenuesadvertising revenues are expected to reach are expected to reach $11 billion in the U.S. by $11 billion in the U.S. by 2004 2004 [Forrester [Forrester Research]Research]
Interactive television Interactive television advertising revenuesadvertising revenues are expected to reach are expected to reach $11 billion in the U.S. by $11 billion in the U.S. by 2004 2004 [Forrester [Forrester Research]Research]
Three-quarters of all Three-quarters of all television commercialstelevision commercials will be interactive within will be interactive within five years five years [Forrester [Forrester Research]Research]
Interactive TVInteractive TV
Things inhibiting us from having Full Digital Television with all its wonderful capabilities.
Failure to yet develop “the magic box”Failure to yet develop “the magic box” Companies must combine Technologies to Companies must combine Technologies to
get to this Levelget to this Level AOL time WarnerAOL time Warner Microsoft – Ultimate TVMicrosoft – Ultimate TV PlaystationPlaystation
2006, all Analog Signals in the United States are to be cut off entirely.
By this time all Americans must have a Digital Television, or a digital converter box, otherwise America’s favorite past time, TV, will come to an end.
May 2002, all television stations are supposed to be able to transmit digital quality.
Regulations of Digital TV
TV stations are not willing to go to digital because, consumers do not have capabilities to receive digital transmissions.
Consumers, are not willing to purchase costly digital setups because there is not enough use for them.
Chicken and the Egg.
With the Laissez faire economics this conversion will probably not take place as quickly as government would like.
Future Limitations
Companies
Video conferencingVideo conferencing Content delivery – cheaper, faster, more Content delivery – cheaper, faster, more
effectiveeffective B2BB2B
The Digital Pocket PC
Price $169.99
• take pictures on your handheld
• fits in your memory card slot•
for hp jornada 520, 525, 547, 548
Benefits and Limitations
Able to play movies Able to play movies Able to play Able to play
video e-mailvideo e-mail Able to take digital Able to take digital
picturespictures
Unable to record Unable to record digital videosdigital videos
Academics
Video on demandVideo on demand Distance learningDistance learning PrerecordedPrerecorded
Prerequisites
Network decongestionNetwork decongestion 24/7 availability and reliability24/7 availability and reliability VHS or higher qualityVHS or higher quality
Network Decongestion
WAN WAN BackboneBackbone
Metro Metro (MAN)(MAN)
Local LoopLocal Loop
DWDM for WANs
Backbone technologyBackbone technology 400 Gb/s vs. 20 Gb/s non-DWDM400 Gb/s vs. 20 Gb/s non-DWDM Multiple channelsMultiple channels
1,400 nm spectrum or band1,400 nm spectrum or band SwitchingSwitching
MANs
DWDMDWDM Cisco ONS 15454 & 15327 optical transport Cisco ONS 15454 & 15327 optical transport
platformsplatforms Free Space PhotonicsFree Space Photonics
Up to 5km radiusUp to 5km radius Capable of 2.488 Gbps transfer rateCapable of 2.488 Gbps transfer rate Extremely secureExtremely secure Very small and easily installedVery small and easily installed
Local Loop
CableCable 2 Mbps2 Mbps SharedShared
xDSLxDSL SDSL (2 Mbps)SDSL (2 Mbps) ADSL (7Mpps/1.5Mbps)ADSL (7Mpps/1.5Mbps) RADSL (rate adaptive)RADSL (rate adaptive) VDSL (55 Mbps)VDSL (55 Mbps)
SatelliteSatellite Limited bandwidthLimited bandwidth
10 Gigabit Ethernet 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GbE)(10GbE) Scheduled for 2002Scheduled for 2002 DWDM compatibleDWDM compatible Consistent with Consistent with
LANsLANs Reduced packet Reduced packet
size – throughputsize – throughput
DSL Deployment Growing
Source: Converge! Network Digest Source: Converge! Network Digest (http://www.convergedigest.com/DSL/numbers/totalDSL.htm)(http://www.convergedigest.com/DSL/numbers/totalDSL.htm)
DSL vs. Cable
Source: Converge! Network Digest Source: Converge! Network Digest (http://www.convergedigest.com/DSL/LastMileDSLNumbers.htm)(http://www.convergedigest.com/DSL/LastMileDSLNumbers.htm)
Reliability/Availability
Source: Digital Island (Source: Digital Island (http://www.http://www.digitalislanddigitalisland.net/services/streaming..net/services/streaming.shtmlshtml))
•Global reach
•99.9% uptime guarantee
•Quality of service
•Redundancy
•Professional staff
Quality of the Streams
Uncompressed video = 240MbpsUncompressed video = 240Mbps MPEG:MPEG:
The most popular codec for streaming appsThe most popular codec for streaming apps Free open end standardFree open end standard Generally “better-quality video than competing Generally “better-quality video than competing
formats” (Webopedia, MPEG).formats” (Webopedia, MPEG). Developed by the Moving Pictures Experts Developed by the Moving Pictures Experts
Group, an ISO subcommitteeGroup, an ISO subcommittee
MPEG-1
First to come out - 1992.First to come out - 1992. 352 x 240 = standard TV, VHS quality352 x 240 = standard TV, VHS quality 1-3 Mbps – DSL, cable, T11-3 Mbps – DSL, cable, T1 Prevalent in corporate LANsPrevalent in corporate LANs
MPEG-2
DVD, set-top boxes, HDTVDVD, set-top boxes, HDTV up to 100Mbsup to 100Mbs 720 x 480 full-screen resolution720 x 480 full-screen resolution Bitstream scalabilityBitstream scalability Studios and cable companiesStudios and cable companies
MPEG-4 Better compression rates Better compression rates
than MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 than MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 at the same bit ratesat the same bit rates
Totally scalableTotally scalable Increased fault toleranceIncreased fault tolerance Multiple layersMultiple layers Interactive contentInteractive content Enormous flexibilityEnormous flexibility
5-384kbps5-384kbps for slow for slow LANs and wirelessLANs and wireless
< 2Mbps for film and < 2Mbps for film and TVTV
Up to 38Mbps for Up to 38Mbps for broadcast servicesbroadcast services
MPEG-4: What’s possible
Source: Overview of the MPEG-4 Standard @http://www.cselt.it/mpeg/standards/mpeg-4/mpeg-4.htm
Conclusion: The Future of Streaming Video
Cuts cost, shortens the distribution channel, Cuts cost, shortens the distribution channel, and brings greater flexibility to rich media.and brings greater flexibility to rich media.
Available now but will grow in popularity Available now but will grow in popularity with improvements in network, TV, and with improvements in network, TV, and mobile technologymobile technology
Benefits business, consumers, and Benefits business, consumers, and academicsacademics