Have you ever wondered how an aircraft can find a specific airport in a highly populated airspace?
How can an aircraft land in an airport when the weather condition seem to be so hostile and the visibility is really low?
Purpose
• Instrument Approach Procedures (IAP)• Airport Navigation and Landing Systems
IAP• IFR• IMC Conditions • Published IAP (approach plates)
IAPs
1. Non-Precision Approach Systems:
2. Precision Approach Systems:
VOR NDB
Ground Base Systems
ILS
Ground Base Systems
WAAS(LPV)
GPS
Satellite Base Systems
Satellite Base Systems
Non-Precision Approach
Terminal VOR
• T - VOR• Lateral Guidance to Runway
Ground Base Systems
Non-Precision Approach
NDB
• (1) Receiver: Automatic Direction Finder ,and (2)Transmitter: Non- Directional Radio Beacon
• Provide lateral guidance to a runway
Ground Base Systems
Non-Precision Approach
GPS
• (1) Satellites (24 and 3 for backup), (2) Ground Station, and (3) GPS receiver (pilot’s cockpit)
• Provide lateral guidance to a runway
Satellite Base Systems
Precision Approach
ILS
• (1) Localizer, (2) Glide slope, and (3) Marker Beacons
• Provide lateral and vertical guidance
Ground Base Systems
Precision Approach
LPV/WAAS
• LPV uses WAAS only• Lateral and Vertical guidance
Satellite Base Systems
