Public Policy Opportunities to
Improve Food and Nutrition
Security in India
Lawrence Haddad
Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition
(GAIN)
Public Policy Opportunities to
Improve Food and Nutrition
Security in India
Lawrence Haddad
Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition
(GAIN)
∧|
Private
Deficient in vitamins or minerals
500
million
???
Overweight
or Obese
~180
million SOFI 2018 & GNR 2017
Chronic Hunger
196 million
26m wasted
3m U5
overweigh
t
47m stunted
The Nutrition Problem in India
Inadequate food consumption is the common denominator in all forms of malnutrition
Type 2
D
iabetes
Poor Diets
India
Poor diet contributes to 6 of the top 10 burden
of disease factors in India
5 Source: IHME, http://www.healthdata.org/results/country-profiles
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Fruit, g/day Vegetables,g/day
Beans,legumes,
g/day
Seafood,g/day
Milk, g/day Sugarsweetenedbeverages,
g/day
Bangladesh India Indonesia Pakistan
On average, compared to Bangladesh, India has a
relatively low quality diet (2010)
Data provided by: Global Dietary Database, Tufts
Food consumption does not automatically improve with income growth
8 5 6 1
-8
12
-7
2
2013 19
8
-8
37
4
-16
165
-3
18
40
-14
39
96
Vegetables & Pulses Seafood Sugar sweetened beverages
g/day
% change in
consumption,1990-2010
Source: Global Dietary Database estimates for GAIN
East Asia
Africa
South Asia
From FAO data in Fig 6.3 Global Panel 2016 report
quality
quantity
Food Availability Has Diversified Weakly in
South Asia (vertical axis)
Healthy foods like fresh fruits & vegetables
are unaffordable for large parts of South Asia
52%Share of per capita
household income
to buy
5 fruits and
vegetables
/day/person
Banglades
h India
Pakistan
Availability, affordability, and consumption of fruits and vegetables in 18 countries across income levels: findings from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. Miller, Victoria et al. The Lancet Global Health , Volume 4 , Issue 10 , e695 - e703
X
X
Need to Engage Business.
Government and Civil Society Cannot Do it Alone
Transporters, aggregators,
warehouses, distributors
Basic processing, industrial
processing, packaging
Wholesalers and markets, retailers
(formal & informal), restaurants
Farms, ranches, fisheries,
Agricultural input companies (seeds etc.)
Source: HLPE 2017
Businesses are everywhere in the food
systemRefrigeration, preservatives,
Testing equipment
Media (traditional & social);
Marketing companies
Private employers;
Traders and speculators
Business finance institutions;
Infrastructure companies
7080
8795 98 96
Pakistan 2013 India 2011 Bangladesh 2016
% of Food & Beverages purchased, RURAL households
% of Food & Beverages purchased, URBAN households
Most households in South Asia get food from
markets, even in rural areas, so they are already
engaging with businesses
Source: World Bank LSMS Data prepared for GAIN
% of 23,000 product lines that are "healthy” (health
star>3.5)32%
Number of companies that cover all media in their
responsible marketing commitments to children6
Number of companies that extend responsible
marketing to children in the 13-18 year group1
Top score on Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes
(Danone)46%
Results from Access to Nutrition Index 2018(22 largest food and beverage companies)
https://www.accesstonutrition.org/sites/gl18.atnindex.org/files/resources/atni_report_global_index_2018.pdf
But, businesses are a big part of the problem
Different Public Private Solution Approaches
Leverage
Blend
Transform
Dialogue
Dialogue
BUT…the “private sector” is diverse and full of opportunity and risk. Dialogue is needed to identify
the former and minimize the latter
Types of
companies to
consider
engaging with
Multinational firms
Small, Medium and Large
National enterprises
Food Companies
Companies that
can affect food
system – Need to
be Engaged
Types of
companies to
consider
engaging with
Multinational firms
Small, Medium and Large
National enterprises
Food Companies
1. The ATNI – measured companies
Need to be incentivized to do more
for nutrition
(15% of global food sales
50% of global soft drink sales)
Companies that
can affect food
system – Need to
be Engaged
Incentivize and pressure big food companies to do more good things for nutrition & fewer bad things
Incentives from
government
Accountability
from civil society
Demand from
consumers
Search for purpose
from employees
ESG Pressure
from shareholders
Change from within
companies
Types of
companies to
consider
engaging with
Multinational firms
Small, Medium and Large
National enterprises
Food Companies
2. In nutritious food
sectors, SME’s need
support to expand sales,
improve safety of food
Companies that
can affect food
system – Need to
be Engaged
Many companies want to expand their sales of
nutritious foods -because it is good
business
Types of
companies to
consider
engaging with
Multinational firms
Small, Medium and
Large National
enterprises
Food Companies
Companies that
can affect food
system – Need to
be Engaged
3. Creative Agencies
Mobile Phone Operators
Refrigeration
Renewal energy
Banks
22
Lack of cold transportation
from farm to retail
Lack of cooling facility in the market
Lack of proper crating/Packaging
Co
ld C
hai
nP
acka
gin
g &
C
rati
ng
Tomato Supply Chain Opportunities in Nigeria
GAIN and partners’ work in Nigeria: Interventions for Reducing Food Loss
Leverage
The fortification gap for Edible Oil in Rajasthan (2014)
100
89.4
24.3
India, Rajasthan
Household uses vehicle*
Vehicle is fortifiable**
Vehicle is fortified***
% of households
Blend
Finance – get slide on access to finance for SMEs
Blended Finance can help overcome financial
barriers of Small and Medium Enterprises working to
make Nutritious Foods more affordable
World Bank Enterprise Surveyshttp://www.enterprisesurveys.org/data/exploretopics/firm-characteristics
Access to finance as a barrier: Dark red=most important barrier
Transform
Fiscal Policy
Legislation
En
forc
em
en
tIn
frastr
uc
ture
Lea
de
rsh
ipAccountability
Innovation
Prices that capture
externalities
Standards
Incentives
“Healthy Gossip”: Use Humor & Emotion to
Build Demand for Nutritious Food
Healthy Gossip Campaign in Indonesia
Can we incentivize companies
who commit themselves to
nutritious foods by offering them
discounts when they locate in
Ethiopia’s new Industrial Parks?
Accountability tools that GAIN is developing to
strengthen the Enabling Environment for NSF
• Food Systems Dashboard: where is a nation’s
food system weakest when it comes to improving
consumption of NSF?
• Access to Nutrition Index for smaller National
Companies: how can companies do better to
deliver NSF to their customers?
• Nutrition Connect: resources for those who want
to know how public private engagements can
advance nutrition
Poor diet contributes to five of the top 10 risk factors
in the burden of disease in Switzerland
Switzerland
Thank you