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Monitoring & Services
ROBOCONTROL Monitoring SoluonsPortable and Permanent Systems
Switzerland www.mageba.ch
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Monitoring & Services
Automated data collecon and processing
1 System conguraon on site
2 Installaon of a 3D-acceleraon sensor
3 Dynamic measurements on a railway bridge
Table of contents
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) 3
Applicaons and benets 4
Overview of systems 5
ROBOCONTROL BASIC 6
ROBOCONTROL ADVANCED 7
ROBOCONTROL PORTABLE 8
Measurement devices at a glance 9
Durable and open-sourced technology 11
Rhine Waterfalls (Switzerland) 12
Incheon Grand Bridge (South Korea) 13
River Suir Bridge (Ireland) 14
Angus L. Macdonald Bridge and A. Murray MacKay Bridge (Canada) 15
Turnkey soluons oered 16
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Monitoring & Services
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM)
Services provided
Safety Monitoring
Main drivers are specic con-
cerns of the client regarding the
stability or usability of a struc-
ture. mageba oers complete
soluons to monitor the crical elements
of a structure, including immediate alarm
nocaon of signicant changes.
Structural Health Monitoring
Tailor-made soluons for
long-term monitoring of
structures are oered by
mageba to assess the overall
behaviour of the structure. SHM systems
provide crucial informaon to the owner
to opmise length of service and life cycle
costs.
Consulng services
Remedial works oen change
the load scenarios and the
stac system of a structure.
Assessment of the actual con-
dions before renovaon, using the expe-
rience of magebas global network, allows
recommendaons for new structural com-
ponents to be made.
Inspecon &Measurement services
Structure owners needs for
detailed condion assessment
can be fullled by magebas
inspecon services. Relevantdata is monitored and assessed and
the overall condion of the structural
elements is summarised in detail.
How does a SHMS work
A Structural Health Monitoring System
(SHMS) is an assembly of sophiscated
electronic devices installed on civil struc-
tures with the purpose of assessing the
actual condions of the structure. During
health monitoring of structures, global and
local structural properes are assessed on
the basis of connuously recorded meas-
ured variables.
It is therefore possible to predict further
development of the structural condion
with great accuracy. It is also possible toprovide simple and quick idencaon
and recording of changes in the load-bear-
ing behavior.
An advanced SHMS is composed by
1 Measurement devices (sensors)
Sensors are installed directly on the
structural elements, they measure
physical parameters and transfer the
informaon as a digital or analog signal.
2 Cables / radio waves
Means for transming the signals from
the sensors to the acquision units.
3 A/D converters, signal condioners,ltersElectronic devices transforming the
analog signals to digital informaon.
Signal ampliers and Condioners are
used to amplify very small ambient
signals, thus enabling a reliable evalu-
aon.
4 Data acquision unitA data-logger that receives all the sig-
nals measured by the sensors. This
is accompanied by an industrial PC
equipped with large hard disks since
large amounts of measuring data have
to be processed.
5 Data processing sowareSpecically designed soware capable
of data management and remote con-
trol of the system.
6 Internet router
Network connecon enabling data
transfer to end users. This enables also
the possibility to receive alarms and
nocaons anyme from the system.
Scheme of a typical SHMS
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Monitoring & Services
Applicaons and benets
1 Protecon of historical buildings
2 Detailed monitoring of vital elements of high-rise
buildings
3 Structural monitoring of dams
4 Safety monitoring of tunnels
5 Structural monitoring of bridges
6 Updang of structural modeling
Applicaons
ROBOCONTROLs ecient and reliable
automated data collecon oers benets
to many elds of engineering, such as:
Bridges
Tunnels
Buildings
Dams
Substructures
Mining
Historic protecon
Environmental applicaons
Benets for end-users
Owners & Authories
Enhanced safety of overall structure
and its crical elements
Risk minimisaon by Safety Monitoring
- immediate nocaon of changes
Increased lifespan of structure and re-
ducon of lifecycle costs
Improved investment planning
Opmisaon of maintenance acvies Ecient support for structure inspec-
on department
Risk management: Properly dened and
measurable risks
Designers & Engineers
Vericaon of designed / expected
structural performance
Conrmaon of design parameters
Model updang to opmise design cal-
culaons
Increase of design experience and tech-
nical excellence
Construcon companies
Proof of properly executed construcon
work
Opmisaon of construcon processes
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Monitoring & Services
Overview of systems
Limited to stac monitoring applica-
ons at low frequencies
The number of sensors that can be
integrated is limited
Dynamic and stac monitoring mis-
sions possible at all frequencies
Unlimited number of sensors can be
integrated
Dynamic and stac monitoring tasks
possible at all frequencies
Measuring me limited due to
baery capacity
ROBOCONTROL systems
BASIC ADVANCED PORTABLE
Permanent systemsfor long-term monitoring and invesgave applicaons, featuring
baery or permanent power supply and transmission of data to a central server
Portable systemsfor short-term
invesgave applicaons
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Monitoring & Services
Main features
Components designed for connu-
ous, remote and independent op-
eraon
Data transmission via GPRS / GSM to
magebas or clients server
Alarm funcon possible (noca-on of pre-dened events and
load cases)
User-friendly web interface
Measuring Frequency
No. of sensors
Required investment
Yearly cost
Power supply
Data memory
Data presentaon
Alarm nocaon
Warranty
Contract type
> 0
0
0
0
Solar panel
Server
Internet Browser
System may be purchased
Standard 1 year (extendable up to 5 years)
Mains / grid Baery
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20
50,00025,000
500
500 Hz
>100
200,000 EUR
>1,000 EUR/year
E-Mail SMS
Infobox
ROBOCONTROL systems
BASIC ADVANCED
Permanent systems
PORTABLE
Portable systems
ROBOCONTROL BASIC
1 Applied system at Ponte Nanin Bridge,
Switzerland
2 User-friendly web interface
3 Installaon of ROBOCONTROL Box
Structural control and long term monitoring
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Monitoring & Services
ROBOCONTROL ADVANCED
Main features
Structural control and long term
monitoring
Components designed for con-
nuous, remote and independent
operaon
Data transmission via GPRS / GSMto magebas or clients server
Alarm funcon possible
(nocaon of pre-dened events
and load cases)
Tailor-made soluons
User-friendly web interface
1 Online presentaon of measured data
2 Integraon of any type of sensor or
applicaon, for example webcams
3 Installaon on site
Measuring Frequency
No. of sensors
Required investment
Yearly cost
Power supply
Data memory
Data presentaon
Alarm nocaon
Warranty
Contract type
> 0
0
0
0
Solar panel
Server
Internet Browser
System may be leased or purchased
Standard 1 year (extendable up to 5 years)
Mains / grid Baery
1
20
70,000
500
500 Hz
>100
200,000 EUR
>1,000 EUR/year
E-Mail SMS
Infobox
ROBOCONTROL systems
BASICADVANCED
PORTABLE
Permanent systems Portable systems
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Monitoring & Services
ROBOCONTROL PORTABLE
1 Removable storage device (USB sck)
2 Viewing of data on computer
3 Easy handling and use of PORTABLE system
Main features
Structural idencaon and short
term monitoring Robust electronics
for repeated, temporary use
No connecon to power grid
required (baery powered)
Flexible arrangement of all systemcomponents to suit project
requirements
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2
ROBOCONTROL systems
BASIC ADVANCEDPORTABLE
Permanent systems Portable systems
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Measuring Frequency
No. of sensors
Required investment
Yearly cost
Power supply
Data memory
Data presentaon
Alarm nocaon
Warranty
Contract type
> 0
0
0
Solar panel
USB Sck, Local
No transmission costs
Internet Browser in real me on computer
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
Mains / grid Baery
10
25,000
500 Hz
>100
200,000 EUR
Infobox
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Monitoring & Services
Measurement devices at a glance
1 Instrumented pot bearing with barometer and
digital pressure sensor
2 Ultrasonic displacement sensor
3 Strain gauge
4 Tilt sensor
5 Geodec survey
6 Reclinear displacement sensor on a bearing
7 Inducve movement sensor measuring
crack width
Sensors
Today, virtually any physical parameter can
be measured with extremely high accura-
cy, and the informaon technology gener-
ally exists to transmit the large volumes of
data oen generated.
Sensors are widely available and frequen-
tly used to measure all types of move-
ment, 3D acceleraon, GPS posioning,
lng, structural temperature, vibraons
and environmental condions.
The types of sensor to be used are chosen
according to the clients needs. During the
design, an extensive analysis of costs, ac-
curacy, sampling frequency, environmen-
tal condions and data generaon is per-
formed, thus dening the opmal sensors
to deploy.
Force sensors
Various types of load cell can be inte-
grated
Load cells of all major stay cable and an-
chor suppliers can be connected
Integraon of magebas RESTONPOT
bearings with measuring devices is pos-
sible
Strain and lt sensors
Strain in steel elements measured
by strain gauge devices, incremental
changes are measured at the surface,
stress and fague analysis for designers
Integraon of sensors into a structure
during construcon for absolute values
Embedded sensors inside concrete
structural elements
Tilng of structures or elements meas-
ured
Movement sensors
Inducve movement sensors for small
changes (e.g. concrete crack monitor-
ing) or for medium displacements
Wire sensors for larger movements
(e.g. bearing and expansion joint move-
ments)
Extreme degree of accuracy (~1m)
possible due to highly sophiscated
devices
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Monitoring & Services
Acceleraon and vibraon
System idencaon and damage de-
tecon by 3D-Acceleraon sensors
Stay cables: sensors to measure modal
frequencies and forces
Vibraon sensor integraon to assess
dynamic inuences on the structure
8 3D acceleraon sensor
9 Vibraon measurement
10 Temperature measurement
11 Concrete temperature sensor
12 Moisture detecon sensor
13 GPS posion sensor
14 Wind and air temperature sensor
15 Corrosion monitoring
Structural temperature sensors
Devices for measurement of steel tem-
perature, externally applied
Concrete temperature measured by in-
tegrated sensors (installed during con-
strucon or inserted into drilled holes)
GPS posion monitoring and meteoro-logical surveillance
High precision GPS devices available,
with accuracy as required by project
Meteorological surveillance required
for most projects (air temperature, hu-
midity etc)
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Monitoring & Services
Durable and open-sourced technology
State-of-the-art system
magebas monitoring systems are updated
to the latest technology, using the opmal
equipment available in order to suit moni-
toring purposes
Only open-source soware
Only hardware that is available on the
free market is used
Power supply
ROBOCONTROL monitoring systems can
be powered regardless of the condions
found at the bridge site:
Any electricity source available at the
bridge (e.g. street lighng) is sucient
for the operaon of the system
Back-up baeries for cases of inter-
rupted power supply can be integrated
if required
In remote locaons with low frequency
measurements, power needs can nor-
mally be fullled by solar energy with
a baery back-up system, guaranteeing
power 24 hours a day, 365 days a year
Data transmission
For the transmission of data from the sen-
sors to the ROBOCONTROL acquision
unit on site, the majority of projects use
wires, barely visible on the structure. Ex-
isng cable trays or ducts may be used if
possible. Data is transmied to mageba
central server through internet.
Wireless systems
The use of sensors with wireless transmis-
sion of data oers the following benets:
Increased speed of installaon
Less impact on the structure (very few
cables)
Posioning of sensors can be easily
adapted
It has to be considered that the baery life
of sensors is currently limited to applica-
ons of up to one year. Therefore, some
maintenance visits to the bridge may be
required for long-term monitoring purposes
when using wireless sensors.
1 Wired sensor
2 Wireless 3D-acceleraon sensor
3 Bearing with measurement of pressure through
manometer and load cell
4 Remote system powered by solar energy
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Monitoring & Services
Rhine Waterfalls (Switzerland)
Descripon of the structure
The rock wall of parcular interest is about
20m high and was stabilised with 11 ad-
dional rock anchors. The installaon
condions were challenging due to high
exposure, noise and dampness.
Problem statement
The Rhine Falls in Schaausen, Switzer-
land is visited by hundreds of thousands of
tourists every year. It is one of the regions
most important tourist aracons and vis-
itors marvel at the beauful scenery from
a terrace at the castle of Laufen.
Rock anchors installed to stabilise the
rock wall below the castle showed un-
expected force changes, leading to con-
cerns that some sliding surfaces had de-
veloped. To ensure the ongoing safety ofthe terrace, addional rock anchors with
measuring devices were installed, with a
ROBOCONTROL system monitoring an-
chor force changes.
This enables the responsible design engi-
neer to draw conclusions about the rock
walls movement behaviour, ensuring ap-
propriate acon can be taken if required.
Monitoring approach
A ROBOCONTROL permanent BASIC
system was connected to the installed
rock anchors, its exibility allowing
compability with the load cells of the
anchors.Aer the system calibraon had been suc-
cessfully conducted, the long term moni-
toring was set up, transming all data to
a central server. The responsible authori-
es and design engineers are then able to
monitor all anchor forces from their own
oces, via a web interface.
The designer set some crical limitaons
for the anchor forces, which are imple-
mented in the alarm nocaon feature
of the ROBOCONTROL system. Should
any alarm value be exceeded, immediate
nocaon will be sent by email and SMSto the designer and owner.
Outcome and benet for the customer
It could be concluded that the rock wall
has been well stabilised by the addional
rock anchors. The forces are now very sta-
ble and rock movements are negligible.
And although movements may develop in
the future, the ROBOCONTROL systems
alarm feature gives the local authority
the condence it needs to safely manage
one of Switzerlands most frequented and
spectacular public terraces.
1 Overview of anchored sensors at rock wall
2 Graphical presentaon of data on the web in-
terface, including immediate alarm nocaon
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Case study
SystemPermanent Basic
Services providedSafety monitoring
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Monitoring & Services
River Suir Bridge (Ireland)
Descripon of the structure
The River Suir Bridge is part of the N25
by-pass of the city of Waterford. The ca-
ble stayed structure has an overall length
of 465 m, with individual spans of 40 m,
70 m, 90 m, 230 m and 35 m, and a widthof 30.6 m. Its concrete pylon has a height
of 95.6 m above the deck, and the bridge
was completed in September 2009.
Problem statement
The design of this cable stayed bridge was
determined to be crically dependent on
the dynamic behaviour of its cables. The
costly installaon of stay cable dampers
was to be assessed in two steps:
Assessment of the characteriscs of
each stay cable by temporary meas-
urements to determine its natural fre-quency, damping and tension
Assessment of the ongoing structural
health of the bridge to conrm that
there is no need for permanent damp-
ing of the stay cables, and thus saving
the expense of costly damping systems
Monitoring approach
Before opening to trac, measure-
ments on all 76 stay cables using a
ROBOCONTROL Portable system were
performed, providing data on actual cable
forces and cable damping. Aerwards, aROBOCONTROL Permanent monitor-
ing system was installed. The system in-
cludes 62 measurement channels in total.
The data is automacally analysed on site
with an overview of the current situaon
and graphical representaon of the overall
performance to date presented in a web
interface.
Outcome and benet for the customer
Thanks to the data provided by the moni-
toring system, it could be concluded that
it was not necessary to install dampers onall cables, resulng in great nancial sav-
ings for the client. However, some selected
cables may be ed with well-specied
dampers at a later date.
1 Presentaon of measured data on web interface
2 Wind sensor as installed on the top of
the pylon
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Case study
SystemPermanent Advanced
Services providedInspecon servicesMeasurement services
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Monitoring & Services
Angus L. Macdonald Bridge andA. Murray MacKay Bridge (Canada)
Descripon of structure
Two suspension bridges connect the city of
Halifax in Nova Scoa, Canada across the
sea inlet that divides it in two. Having been
opened to trac in 1955 and 1970 respec-
vely, both bridges have already providedseveral decades of service. The A. Murray
MacKay Bridge was renovated in recent
years, and similar renovaon works are
currently being planned for the Angus L.
Macdonald Bridge. It will receive an enre
new deck, and computer modelling of the
deck, veried by measured data, will play
a key role in the design process.
Problem statement
It was determined that a structural health
monitoring (SHM) system should be used
to measure and record the movementsand rotaons of the deck of the Macdon-
ald Bridge at its expansion joints, providing
the data needed by the computer model-
ling. It was also decided to monitor the
movements of the previously renovated
deck of the MacKay Bridge, so that the
changes to the deck support system could
be accounted for in the planning of the
proposed works.
Monitoring approach
Both structures are equipped with
ROBOCONTROL BASIC permanent sys-
tems, with sensors at each tower record-
ing rotaons and displacements (both
longitudinal and transverse) of the decks
of the bridges, as well as data relang to
temperature and wind strength and direc-
on. Since the two suspension bridges are
similar and located close to each other,
comparing their behaviour can providevaluable insights.
Outcome and benet for the customer
The gathered data was used by the design
engineers to verify their computer mod-
els and design crical components. It also
provided a very interesng insight into the
movements of the deck of the MacKay
Bridge, showing that it experiences accu-
mulated movements of up to 35 kilome-
tres per year at its expansion joints. Such
accumulated movements are many mes
higher than the movements measured at
the deck of the neighbouring Macdonald
Bridge, which are just 700 m per year at its
joints, and thus likely to accelerate wear
and deterioraon of the bridges expan-
sion joints and bearings. The understand-
ing of deck movements provided by the
SHM system will thus play a crucial role
in supporng the planning of renovaon
works and the correct choice of sliding
materials for the bearings and expansion
joints.
1 Correlaon of wind speed and direcon, air
and structure temperature, and deck move-
ments, as presented on the SHM systems web
interface
2 ROBOCONTROL box installed under each of
the four bridge towers (two per bridge)
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SystemPermanent Advanced
Services providedConsulng servicesCondion before renovaon
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Monitoring & Services
Turnkey soluons oered
References ROBOCONTROL Monitoring
mageba ROBOCONTROL Monitoring Systems
Claricaon of objecves
In order to achieve maximum value for the
customer, it is crical that requirements
are carefully analysed before commencing
work.
Clients, designers and magebas moni-
toring team must clearly dene the
monitoring systems purposes and the
benets of the obtained data. Ideally, the
measured values can be directly integrat-
ed in the designers calculaon model.
The required accuracy, the sampling fre-
quency of the signal, the duraon of the
monitoring and type of data analysis is de-
cided in close collaboraon with the client
in order to achieve the right condions for
an opmal analysis or damage detecon
of the structure.
In addion, close ongoing cooperaon
with the responsible structural engineer is
benecial in order to ensure that sensible
and useful results connue to be achieved.
Cooperaon with specied engineers
and experts will always be supported by
mageba.
Any monitoring system must be tailored to
suit the specic condions and features of
any individual structure. To achieve op-
mal results, mageba should be involved in
the project development at an early stage,
ideally right from the beginning of the con-
ceptual approach.
Project requirements
In addion to the clear denion of
objecves, the following items should
be agreed when placing an order for a
monitoring system:
Layout of system
Arrangements for data management
Denion of engineering tasks and
responsibilies
Contract for data transmission costs
(if any)
Service contract requirements to en-sure long-term performance
Delivery
Fabricaon and pre-seng of the system
begins as soon as the customer has ap-
proved magebas nal proposal. Delivery
me is highly dependent on type and size
of the applied monitoring system and its
components.
Installaon typically takes a few days, de-
pending on the complexity of the system
and local access condions and taking care
to protect it from environmental condi-ons, vandalism and the. 1 Close cooperaon between clients, designers
and magebas monitoring team
2 Inspecon of monitoring system aer installa-
on by mageba experts
Portable Permanent ADVANCEDPermanent BASIC
Rhine Waterfal ls (CH) Weyermannshaus (CH) Steinbachtal Bridge (DE) Alvsborg Bridge (SE) Dintelhaven Bridge (NL) River Suir Bridge (IRL)
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Swi tz erland www.mageba.c h
mageba sa - Solistrasse 68 - 8180 Blach - Switzerland - T +41 44 872 40 50 - [email protected] 2014.08CH-ENmageba