DIAGRAMS AND DRAWINGS
• DIAGRAMS ARE TYPICALLY SCHEMATICS
• DRAWINGS ARE PHYSICAL REPRESENTATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION
• VARIOUS FORMS ARE COMPLETED DURING EACH PHASE OF THE PROJECT
• INITIAL PRODUCTS ARE CONCEPTUAL SCHEMATICS
• FINAL PRODUCTS ARE CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS
BLOCK FLOW DIAGRAMS (BFD)
• THESE INDICATE THE FUNCTION COMPLETED IN EACH AREA, NOT THE EQUIPMENT USED
• NORMALLY START WITH AN OVERALL BFD FOR THE PLANT
• AT LEAST ONE IS TO BE COMPLETED FOR EACH SECTION OF THE PLANT AND USED IN THE FINAL REPORT FOR THE AREA DESCRIPTIONS.
BFD PREPARATION
• SELECT PROCESS TECHNOLOGY• PREPARE DESIGN BASIS DOCUMENT
WITH ‘SCOPE OF WORK’• PREPARE A DOCUMENT PROCESS
DESCRIPTION• PREPARE ‘INPUT/OUTPUT’ DIAGRAM
(I/O)• PREPARE ‘BLOCK FLOW DIAGRAM’
(BFD)
BLOCK FLOW DIAGRAM
ALKYLATIONREACTION
BUTYLENE FEED
ISOBUTANE FEED
PROPANE RECOVERY
PROPANE
n-BUTANE RECOVERY
n-BUTANE
ALKYLATE
ISOBUTANERECYCLE
ALKYLATE PROCESS BLOCK FLOW DIAGRAM
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAMS (PFD)
• SCHEMATIC SHOWING THE EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATION AND PROCESS STREAMS
• SYMBOLS - USE SIMSCI© AND SUPERPRO© STANDARDS
• EQUIPMENT NAMES AND NUMBERING - ALL ARE LOCATED ABOVE THE EQUIPMENT ON THE DIAGRAM. ALSO SEE CTA-04. DO NOT SHOW NAMES FOR PARALLEL EQUIPMENT, USE NUMBER DESIGNATIONS.
• FORMAT - ENTERING LINES LEFT, EXIT RIGHT. CAN MATCH UP BETWEEN AREAS IF PRACTICAL.
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAMS (PFD)
• MASS & ENERGY BALANCE TABLE• STREAM LISTS
• SHOW PROPERTIES FOR EACH STREAM• CHANGE NUMBER EACH TIME PROCESS
CONDITIONS ARE CHANGED.• FLOWS ARE TYPICALLY BASED ON CONTINUOUS
AVERAGE OPERATION.• ADD A LINE FOR DESIGN FLOW IF THAT EXCEEDS
NORMAL OPERATING, FOR EXAMPLE WITH A BATCH PROCESS.
• SPREAD-OUT FIGURES – USE FOR P&IDs• MAJOR FLOW LINES ONLY - NO START-UP
OR COMMISSIONING LINES
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAMS (PFD)
RX-101 VL-101RX-102
101
102
103
105
104
106
SHIFT REACTORMETHANATERSHIFT VAP/LIQ SEP
Stream NameStream Description
Phase
TemperaturePressure
Flowrate
Composition H2O CO H2 CO2 C1 N2 H2S
FPSIA
LB-MOL/HR
101
Vapor
600.000340.000
99.200
0.0000.5530.2910.0340.0720.0440.005
102
Vapor
435.000340.000
60.400
1.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000
103
Vapor
918.393335.000
159.600
0.1660.1310.3940.2340.0440.0280.003
104
Mixed
240.000330.000
63.662
0.4110.0000.0000.5810.0000.0000.008
105
Vapor
450.000330.000
95.938
0.0030.2180.6550.0040.0740.0460.000
106
Vapor
587.627320.000
56.545
0.3490.0190.0700.0100.4740.0780.000
UTILITY FLOW DIAGRAMS• ONE FOR EACH MAJOR UTILITY • ONE FOR MISCELLANEOUS
UTILITIES• GENERAL FORMAT SHOULD LOOK
LIKE A BLOCK FLOW DIAGRAM
AREA 100 AREA 200 AREA 300 AREA 400 AREA 500
SUPPLY FOR UTILITY
RETURN FOR UTILITY
UTILITY FLOW DIAGRAMS
• FLOW RATES AND CONDITIONS ARE SHOWN ON MAIN FLOW LINES
• AREAS ARE REPRESENTED BY BLOCKS
• ONLY EQUIPMENT SPECIFIC TO THE UTILITY SHOULD BE SHOWN ON THE DIAGRAM (COOLING TOWERS, BOILERS, AIR COMPRESSORS, ETC.)
• ELECTRICAL SUPPLY AND TRANSFORMING SYSTEMS
UTILITY FLOW DIAGRAMS
• MISCELLANEOUS UTILITIES - INCLUDE:
• INSTRUMENT AIR• PLANT UTILITY WATER• PLANT AIR• SATURATED STEAM• POTABLE WATER• FIRE WATER• INERT GAS• SEWERS
– SANITARY– PROCESS– STORM
ARRANGEMENT DRAWINGS
• SHOW THE PLANT PLOT PLAN AND ELEVATIONS
• PROJECT WILL USE PLOT PLAN ONLY• LOCATE MAJOR EQUIPMENT TO MINIMIZE
EXTRA UTILITY RUNS
• ALLOW ROOM BETWEEN FACILITIES FOR CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE.
• SEE TYPICAL DRAWING ON NEXT PAGE
TYPICAL PLOT PLAN DRAWING – FROM NORTH ALABAMA COAL TO METHANOL PROJECT, STEARNS-ROGER, FOR TVA, JAN. 1984
PIPING AND INSTRUMENT DIAGRAMS
• SHOW LINE SIZING AND CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR THE PROCESS
• NEED ONE FOR EACH PFD AND ONE FOR EACH UFD, MINIMUM
– PIPE LINE DIAMETERS, M.O.C. & INSULATION REQUIREMENTS
– MAJOR CONTROL LOOPS– MINIMUM MONITORING
INSTRUMENTATION– SAFETY SHUTDOWNS AND INTERLOCKS– MAJOR FLOW ELEMENTS - VALVES
STANDARD DRAWINGS• CAN BE USED TO SIMPLIFY P&IDs• THESE INCLUDE INSTALLATIONS SUCH
AS:– ISOLATION VALVES ON ALL PIECES OF
EQUIPMENT WITH BYPASSES WHEN PRACTICAL.
– PUMPS - FLOW CONTROL AND CHECK VALVES ON DISCHARGE, ONLY. INLET AND OUTLET P & T INDICATION.
– HEAT EXCHANGERS - HAVE P & T INDICATION ON ALL LINES
– HAZARDOUS MATERIALS - USE DOUBLE BLOCK AND BLEED ARRANGEMENTS FOR ISOLATION, WITH VENT TO PROCESS FLARE AS APPROPRIATE.