Profitable Aquaculture Technologies – Opportunities for
collaboration with KVK
Dr. P. Jayasankar Director
ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture
Bhubaneswar
Over 500 million people depend – directly or indirectly – on
fisheries and aquaculture for their livelihoods
Aquatic foods provide essential nutrition for 4 billion people
and at least 50% of animal protein and minerals to 400
million people in the poorest countries
Fish products are among the most widely-traded foods
Aquaculture among the fastest growing food production
systems
Glimpse of Global Fisheries
Source: FAO, 2016
Indian Fisheries
Globally India third – largest producer of fish
Globally third largest in inland aquaculture
Fish production 9.58 mmt (2013-14)
Average national productivity - fresh water culture ponds 3.0 t/ha/year
Total fish Production (2013-14) 9.58 mmt
Inland 6.14 mmt
Marine 3.44 mmt
Source: DAHDF, 2014
Inland Fisheries Resources - India
Source: Handbook of Fisheries and Aquaculture, ICAR
Resources Area
Marine
Length of Coastline 8118 km
Exclusive Economic Zone 2.02 million sq. km
Continental shelf 0.506 million sq.km
No of Fish landing centers 1376
No of Fishing Villages 3322
Estimated potential 3.9 mmt
Inland
Rivers and canals 29,000 km
Reservoirs 3.15 million ha
Ponds and tanks 2.41 million ha
Back water and lagoon 0.19 million ha
Estuaries 0.3 million ha
Floodplain wetlands 0.2 million ha
Upland lakes 0.72 million ha
During last six decades, Indian fisheries have grown more than twelve folds with
an increase in fish production from 0.752 mmt in 1950-51 to 9.58 mmt in 2013-14
(DADF, 2014), of which the share from the aquaculture sector alone is around
4.88 million tons (FAO, 2014)
Further, fish production from aquaculture sector has also been increased to six
and half folds over the last two decades, with the freshwater aquaculture
contributing more than 95% of the total inland fish production
The three Indian major carps (IMCs), namely catla (Catla catla), rohu (Labeo
rohita) and mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) contribute the major chunk of the
freshwater aquaculture production (around 60-70% of the volume).
India Fish production (mmt)
8.47 7.98
9.08 9.20 9.60
3.79 3.67 4.21
4.55
4.88 4.68 4.31
4.87 4.65
4.72
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Total fish production Total aquaculture production Total capture production
0 500
1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
AN
DH
RA
PR
AD
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H
AS
SA
M
BIH
AR
GO
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JA
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KA
SH
MIR
JH
AR
KA
ND
KA
RN
AT
AK
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RA
LA
MA
DH
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PR
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MA
HA
RA
SH
TR
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MA
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ME
GH
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AY
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OR
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NA
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IPU
RA
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KH
AN
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Average productivity of Freshwater Fish farming
by States (kg/ha/year)
Source: DAHDF, 2014
Freshwater species cultured in India
Carps – IMCs and exotic Chinese carps (WB & AP; >80% rohu, rest catla; variable production 4-12 t/ha/yr)
Catfish – magur, pangas, pabda, etc. (striped catfish 3.5 lakh t production; 10-15 t/ha/yr, price crash)
Freshwater prawn – From ~43 k t to ~3 k t crash; genetic degradation leading to low productivity; selective breeding programme
Pacu (Piaractus brachipomus) – still not cleared by the Ministry; but widely cultured in many places
Tilapia – Cleared by the Ministry; only all male of nile tilapia or improved hybrids/strains permitted
Litopenaeus vannamei – though brackishwater
species, now being cultured also in freshwater
Productivity
Quality stocking material
Feed ingredients and farm made feed
Species diversification
Surveillance and management of diseases
Entrepreneurship
Availability of water
Climate change & resilience
Market
Critical constraints for future development of freshwater aquaculture
FRP portable hatcheries Carp hatchery Magur hatchery
Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) carp hatchery effective tool in providing quality carp seed production It can be transported, installed and operated in remote places to ensure easy and timely availability of seeds – HATCHERY ON WHEELS Suitable for fish breeding in field conditions for 10-12 kg of carps in one operation – 1-1.5 million spawn Portable magur hatchery a simple device comprising a stand on which are placed a row of plastic tubs (12 cm dia, 6 cm high) for egg incubation and hatching High hatching percentage & maximum 50,000 eggs can be incubated at a time Both marketed by M/s M. R. Aquatech, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Technology commercialized from ICAR-CIFA
Technology commercialized from ICAR-CIFA
Improved rohu, Jayanti
IMPROVED ROHU “JAYANTI”
Jayanti rohu developed through selective breeding of Labeo rohita from different founder populations of North Indian rivers Improved Jayanti rohu the first genetically improved fish in India and trialed under field conditions in different states Genetic gain of 17 % per generation for growth trait Dissemination of improved rohu to different parts of India under progress. Annually about 5 crores of seed of this improved variety are supplied presently to the sector. Multiplier hatcheries and the recently formed National Freshwater fish Brood bank facility (NFFBB) in Odisha for wider dissemination A. hydrophila – resistant rohu ready and undergoing farm trials
CIFACRYO Manually operated handy cryofreezer for gamete cryopreservation of fishes
Suitable and advantageous in terms of liquid nitrogen use, size of the unit, on-farm utilization and easy operation
Helpful in maintaining the temperature of the sample up to -1960 C
Product marketed by M/s Biotechnika, Bhubaneswar
Technology commercialized from ICAR-CIFA
CIFABROODTM an exclusive carp brood stock diet rich in adequate nutrients
Ensures quality of the carp seed, and advances gonad growth and maturation and facilitates early spawning
Suitable for multiple/repeated breeding in carp and ensures better survival of seed and rapid growth during nursery rearing
Validated through repeated field trials
Marketed by M/s Aishrya Aquaculture Pvt. Ltd., Naihati, West Bengal
The firm flooded with demands for the product, substantial economic gain right in the first year of commercialization
CIFABROODTM
Technology commercialized from ICAR-CIFA
Therapeutic & preventive Aids
CIFAX Immunoboost C CIFACURE
CIFAX a chemical formulation and first commercialized technology of CIFA. It prevents and cures ulcerative diseases of freshwater fishes. Recently 3rd commercialization – 2.28 crore INR – Agrawal from Chhattisgarh
Immunoboost-C an immunostimulant to improve brood fish health and seed production. It modulates the fish immunity against microbial diseases. Marketed by M/s Star Aqua Lab, Medinapore, West Bengal
CIFACURE for controlling bacterial and fungal infections of ornamental fishes. Controls many bacterial diseases like hemorrhagic septicemia, ulcers, fin rot, tail rot, eye disease and fungal infections. Marketed by M/s Durga enterprises, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Technology commercialized from ICAR-CIFA
Shining barb
Rosy barb selected for bright shining yellow colour in females and orange in males
Commercialized and to be marketed by M/s Tropical Aquaculture & Farming Systems (India), Udaipur, Rajasthan
Technology commercialized from ICAR-CIFA
Technology ready - Breeding and culture of diversified species
Other than Indian major carps, breeding and culture technologies of diversified groups of freshwater species, such as minor carps, catfish, pabda, freshwater prawn (genetically improved), climbing perch and murrel have been developed to ensure food security
Technology ready for commercialization from ICAR-CIFA
Hybridization of major carps in hatcheries – to save space & time
Instead of ‘mixed’ pure seeds, hybrid seeds supplied
Threat to natural biodiversity
Developed PCR-based kit for rapid identification of catla-rohu reciprocal hybrid seeds
Potential application in seed certification and hatchery accreditation
Technologies ready for commercialization from ICAR-CIFA
Kits
Spot agglutination kit
Macrobrachium rosenbergii Nodavirus kit
Argulus detection kit
Technologies ready for commercialization from ICAR-CIFA
Feed for better growth and development
Starter-M
Mechanical pond applicator
Demand fish feeder
Aerator for large Aquaculture pond
Bio fertilizers from fish waste
Processing and value addition to carps
Freshwater carps are popular and delicious
Problems faced in dressing the fish and small inter and intra muscular bones
Boneless whole carp technology convenient, resulting in ready to use product
Technology ready - Post harvest value addition
Processing and value addition in murrel
Murrels are excellent rounded fish. It has single main
skeleton and minimum intramuscular bones
Excellent fillets, fingers and chunks can be produced
Murrels provide rounded steaks for curry and fish fry
Technology ready - Post harvest value addition
Seed Ventures Farm ventures Aqua tourism ventures Food processing ventures Aqua input ventures Innovative ventures
Areas of Entrepreneurship in Aquaculture
What can KVKs do with ICAR-CIFA?
Testing and demonstration of Freshwater Aquaculture technologies
Commercialized technologies of ICAR-CIFA can be promoted through the mandatory works of KVK i.e OFT, FLD and training
Latest technology commercialized : CIFABROODTM: A proven carp brood diet
Quality carp fingerlings supplied to the sector
KVK-Khordha under ICAR-CIFA and KVK-Bhadrak, under OUAT have undertaken OFT and FLD in 2012-15
The best 5 aquaculture technologies were identified from the
OFT and FLD
The best 5 technologies were identified towards feeding into
the mainstream extension for larger dissemination in the district It is well understood that aquaculture is a state subject State actors (Department of Fisheries) were invited to attend the interaction and KVK shared the best five technologies assessed and demonstrated to be included in the state schemes and other extension activities
Best Technologies Assessed and Demonstrated
by KVK-Khordha
FIVE BEST TECHNOLOGIES
•CIFABROODTM: A Proven Carp
Brood Diet
•Improved strain Jayanti rohu in
composite fish culture
•Incorporation of Medium and
Minor carps in Polyculture system
•Polyculture of IMC (Catla and
Rohu) with prawn
•Utilization of Seasonal Fallow
Ponds for Carp Fingerling
Production
KVK introduces Off season fish seed production
Technique of Off season seed production through promising carp brood diet, CIFABROODTM
All five hatcheries developed KVK have adopted the technology through front line demonstration
Average fertilization rate was 88.14% with an average spawn recovery of 2.14 lakh spawn/kg body weight of female
Highest average fertilization rate was found in mrigal followed by rohu and catla
Similarly average spawn recovery per kg of female body weight indicates a highest recovery in rohu followed by mrigal and catla
In turn the spawn buyers had an average survival rate of 42.18% from spawn to fry and 73.5% from fry to fingerling
KVK Khordha demonstrates successful ICAR-CIFA Technologies
Community Aquaculture: Success story - 1
Community ponds are common property resources and transfer of technology is a constraint A women SHG leased a pond in Diniary village of Begunia block being dominated by ST communities and groups adopted practices that were traditional and production was low with 2.1t/ha in 2004
KVK-Khordha was approached by the group Trainings and advisory support were provided Focus was on to the group to adopt Scientific Management Practices in community ponds The technique of Single stocking and Multiple harvesting was also taught and demonstrated
Outcome was on an yield increase tuning to 3.12 t/ha against 2.1t/ha before the intervention of KVK Income was increased from 2.1 lakh to 3.12 lakh/ha
Community Aquaculture: Success story-2
This story is from a pond poorly managed by a group The scenario in 2012 was that the pond was weed infested with a low production of 1.4t/ha
A retired teacher approached KVK-Khordha with the group seeking advice Trainings and advisory support were provided Again focus was on to the group to adopt Scientific Management Practices in community ponds and groups were advised to have grass carps to reduce the weeds Group adhered to all advices of KVK
Outcome was on an yield increase tuning to 3.2 t/ha in 2015-16 against 1.4 t/ha in 2012 Impact was on many fish farmers and pond owners have approached KVK for demonstration and training programme from their village for adopting scientific management practices.
Family farming: A High flying Example
Mr. Senapathi a farmer who never wants his kids to move out of farming though many prefer their kids to seek better options His three sons work together with Mr. Senapthi in the farm
in 2012 he approached KVK-Khordha for technical guidance as he had issues on planting material production of Pointed gourd by the time he was advised to adopt IFS He adhered to the advices of KVK and constantly attended the trainings and was a beneficiary for the demonstration programmes By the time he constructed a pond of 1.2 acres and was advised by KVK to rear fry, fingerling and yearlings
Today the star technology that Mr. Senapathi has on earning Rs. 3.52 lakh/year from his 1.32 acre pond His son Mr. Rakesh manages the pond and his another son manages the other enterprises In his integrated system: ducks in the ponds, mango trees in the dykes, poly plants of pointed gourd, dairy and other vegetables Father and son are attentive to the advices of KVK and today they are a high flying family with “family farming”
Conclusion & Way Forward
ICAR-CIFA can formally agree with ATARI for promotion of freshwater aquaculture technologies through KVKs in three modes
Routine Publication on technological options for KVKs
Routine Impact Assessment of technologies promoted by KVK
Capacity Building for PC and SMS of KVK
To achieve Blue Revolution
At least 30 species for production & Broodbank for at least 10 species
Genetically improved stock
Multiplier unit for genetically improved fish
Post harvest value added products
Farm made feeds
Broodstock diet
Disease diagnostics and management
Pond management – water & soil
Climate & water resilient aquaculture
Entrepreneurship development