PLINP201 Phonology of English
Lecture 2:Allophony
allophones of /t/
various degrees of aspiration:top, stop, letter
variability in final position:right.
variation in place of articulation:train, eighth
various special kinds of release:button, bottle
Does this word have a /t/?
taxonomic phonemics
generative phonology
postman
no(if so pronounced)
yes
soften
no yes
whistle
no no
chalet
no no
night-time
taxonomic-phonemic: phonetic:
a string of two phonemes, but only one (long) phonetic segment
A fortis plosive is aspirated when initial
A fortis plosive is aspirated when initial in a syllable with a strong vowel
A fortis plosive is aspirated when initialin a syllable with a strong vowel
dissipate
bedtime
indicate
Waveforms of the three Thai words bâ: 'crazy', pâ: 'aunt', phâ: 'cloth'. From Peter Ladefoged, 2001, Vowels and consonants, p. 122
from Ladefoged, A Course in Phonetics
tie
die
sty
4. An aspirated plosive is one followed by a brief [h]-sound. That is, there is a delay between the release of the primary closure of the articulators and the beginning of the sound that follows. During this delay air continues to be expelled from the lungs through the open glottis.English are
● aspirated when at the beginning of a syllable (if it has a strong vowel)
● unaspirated when preceded by s at the beginning of a syllable or followed by an obstruent
● slightly aspirated or unaspirated elsewhere.
If a liquid (r, l) or semivowel (j, w) comes between the plosive and the vowel, then aspiration takes the form of making this consonant
voiceless.
clear before a vowel sound
let, valley, allow
dark elsewheremilk, table, middle
now perhaps vocalized
