Signs amp Symptoms
Diseases amp Disorders
Treatments amp Procedures
MA 101 ndash Medical Terminology tutorialResources
Overview
Cecum Colon Duodenum
Esophagus Lower Esophageal Ileum
Jejunum Palate Pancreas
Peritoneum Pylorus Rectum
Uvula Gallbladder Peristalsis
Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments
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The proximal segment of the large intestine it is short and pouch-like
and contains a short narrow appendage known as the appendix
Cecum(SEE Kum)
022
Other
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The largest segment of the large intestine it extends from the cecum
to the rectum and includes the ascending colon transverse colon
descending colon and sigmoid colon
Colon(KOH lunn)
050
Other
066506124
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The first segment of the small intestine it receives material from the stomach via the pyloric valve It also receives pancreatic juice from the pancreas and bile from
the liver and gallbladder
Duodenum(doo ODD eh num)
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The muscular tube that moves food by peristalsis from the pharynx to
the stomach
Esophagus(eh SOFF ah guss)
050
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A ring-shaped muscle at the border of the esophagus and the
stomach
Abbreviated LES
Lower Esophageal or Cardiac Sphincter
(eh SOFF ah JEE al SFINGK ter)
050
Other
19808156
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The third segment of the small intestine that delivers digestive waste material to the cecum of
the large intestine
Ileum(ILL ee um)
050
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079142845
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The middle segment of the small intestine It lies between the duodenum and the ileum
Jejunum(jee JOO num)
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The roof of the mouth including an anterior hard palate and a
posterior soft palate
Palate(PAHL aht)
050
Other
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An organ that secretes pancreatic juice (a mixture of digestive enzymes) into the small intestine It also secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon which regulate blood sugar levels
Pancreas(PAN kree ass)
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A serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most of the abdominal organs
Peritoneum(PAIR ih toh NEE um)
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The constricted distal area of the stomach terminating at the pyloric
valve
Pylorus Or
Pyloric Sphincter(pye LOR uss)
13790745
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The distal straight segment of the large intestine its terminal opening is the anus
Rectum(REK tum)
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A small mucosa-covered set of muscles musculus uvulae hanging down from the soft palate near the back of the throat The word is derived from the diminutive of uva the Latin word for grape due to the uvulas grape-like
shape
Uvula(YOO vyoo lah)
12818772
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A sac-like organ behind the liver that stores bile
Gallbladder(GAWL blahd der)
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Movement of the esophagus and lower GI tract produced by waves
of smooth muscle contraction resulting in propulsion of GI tract
contents
Peristalsis(pair ih STALL siss)
040
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Aphagia Ascites Diarrhea Dyspepsia
Dysphagia Flatus Halitosis Hematemesis
Hepatomegaly JaundiceIcterus Nausea
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Loss of the ability to swallow
(ah FAY jee ah)
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08961631
An accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity a symptom of
liver dysfunction
(ah SIGH teez)
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Source Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention
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09441631
A frequent discharge of watery fecal material which may be
caused by an improper diet but more commonly by infection of
virus bacteria or protozoa It can lead to severe dehydration
(dye ah REE ah)
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079613596
Chronic or recurrent pain or discomfort centered in the upper abdomen
Discomfort in this context includes mild pain upper abdominal fullness and feeling full earlier than expected
with eating It can be accompanied by bloating belching nausea or
heartburn [5]
(diss PEPP see ah)
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050
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10046529
Difficulty in swallowing
(diss FAY jee ah)
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A condition of gas trapped in the GI tract or released through the anus
(FLAY tuss)
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07031836
Bad breath
Though the causes of breath odor are not entirely understood most unpleasant odors are known to arise from proteins
trapped in the mouth which are processed by oral bacteria [5]
(hall ih TOH siss)
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Source Dentist in London
050
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11088977
the vomiting of blood The source is generally the upper gastrointestinal
tract
(hee mah TEM eh siss)
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063
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11648977
Enlargement of the liver
(HEPP ah toh MEG ah lee)
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022
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1166095
A yellowish staining of the skin sclera of the eyes and deeper tissues caused by the accumulation of bile pigments in the bloodstream that are normally removed by the liver and thus a symptom of liver dysfunction It may also be a symptom
of red blood cell destruction
(JAWN diss)
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From the Latin and Greek word for seasickness it is a symptomatic urge to vomit when accompanied by vomiting
It may be abbreviated NampV
(NAW see ah)
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07271836
Appendicitis Cholecystitis Cholelithiasis Cirrhosis Colitis Diverticulitis
Diverticulosis Dysentery Enteritis Esophagitis Gastritis Gastroenteritis
GastroesophagealReflux Gingivitis Glossitis Hemorrhoids Hepatitis Hiatal Hernia
Ileus Inguinal Hernia Intussusception Pancreatitis Parotitis Peritonitis
Polyposis Stomatitis Umbilical Hernia Volvulus
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Inflammation of the appendix While mild cases may resolve without
treatment most require removal of the inflamed appendix either by
laparotomy or laparoscopy
Appendicitis(ah pen dih SIGH tiss)
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12053876
Inflammation of the gallbladder
Cholecystitis(koh lee siss TYE tiss)
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Source International Journal of Surgery
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13501221
Generalized condition of gallstones
Gallstones can occur anywhere within the biliary tree including the gallbladder and the
common bile duct Obstruction of the common bile duct is choledocholithiasis obstruction of the biliary tree can cause jaundice obstruction of the outlet of the pancreatic exocrine system can cause
pancreatitis Cholelithiasis is the presence of stones in the gallbladdermdashchole- means
bile lithia means stone and -sis means process [5]
Cholelithiasis(KOH lee lith EYE ah siss)
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21521356
A chronic progressive liver disease resulting from hepatic cell failure which may be caused by chronic alcoholism
or viral infection
Characterized by a chronic deterioration of the liver replacing
healthy cells with connective tissue that causes a mottled appearance
Cirrhosis(ser ROH siss)
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063
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10816052
Inflammation of the colon when the condition is chronic and results in the formation of colonic ulcers it is called ulcerative colitis the main symptom of which is severe and sometimes bloody
diarrhea
Colitis(koh LYE tiss)
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a common digestive disease particularly found in the large intestine Diverticulitis
develops from diverticulosis which involves the formation of pouches
(diverticula) on the outside of the colon Diverticulitis results if one of these diverticula becomes inflamed [5]
Diverticulitis(DYE ver tik yoo LYE tiss)
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The condition of having diverticula in the colon which are outpocketings of the
colonic mucosa and submucosa through weaknesses of muscle layers in the
colon wall These are more common in the sigmoid colon which is a common
place for increased pressure [5]
Diverticulosis(DYE ver tik yoo LOH siss)
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050
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16824212
Severe inflammation of the intestine marked by frequent diarrhea
abdominal pain fever and dehydration It is usually caused by infection by
bacteria or protozoa
Dysentery(DISS in tair ee)
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Source Life Straw
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Inflammation of the small intestine
Acute enteritis is usually due to bacteria or viruses When food is involved foodborneillness is to be suspected If other family
members or members of the household are affected this may signify infectious causes
Chronic enteritis can be due to Crohnsdisease giardiasis tuberculosis coeliac
disease or rarely due to Whipples disease
Enteritis(ehn ter EYE tiss)
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050
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10580678
Inflammation of the esophagus
Esophagitis(eh soff ah JYE tiss)
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063
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11653874
Inflammation of the gastric mucosa of the stomach Depending on the cause
gastritis may persist acutely or chronically and may coincide with more serious conditions such as atrophy of
the stomach [5]
Gastritis(gas TRY tiss)
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Source Surgery Center of Enid
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Inflammation of the stomach and small intestine
The inflammation is caused by infection with certain bacteria viruses parasites or
less commonly adverse reaction to something in the diet or medication [5]
Gastroenteritis(GAS troh ehn ter EYE tiss)
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12597548
Recurring backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus as a result of a weakened
lower esophageal sphincter producing burning pain
Abbreviated GERD
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease(GAS troh eh SOFF ah JEE al)
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30614955
Inflammation of the gums Usually caused by bacterial plaque that accumulates in the spaces between the gums and the
teeth and in calculus (tartar) that forms on the teeth These accumulations may be
tiny even microscopic but the bacteria in them produce foreign chemicals and toxins that cause inflammation of the
gums around the teeth [5]
Gingivitis(jin jin VYE tiss)
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