OVERVIEW
NOVA’S CRISIS INTERVENTION MODEL
GROUP CRISIS INTERVENTION GCI
CRISIS REACTION
PHYSICAL
Immobilization (“frozen fright”)
Mobilization (fight, flight, or adapt)
Exhaustion (problem of sleep)
CRISIS REACTION
EMOTIONAL
Shock, Disbelief, Denial, Regression
Cataclysmic emotions
Fear, Anger, Confusion, Frustration, Guilt, Shame, Grief
Reconstruction of (new) equilibrium
DIAGRAMMING A DISASTER BY TYPE:
Disaster Impact Step One: Determine the cause of the
disaster: natural, human, technological Step Two: Determine the element involved:
earth, wind, fire, water, people Step Three: Determine issues of concern:
sensorial, duration, conceptual
Diagramming a Disaster
Sensorial Involvement
Smell
Taste
Touch
Sight
Auditory
Diagramming a DisasterChronology
Pre-disaster EquilibriumPrevious disaster historyCultural/economic tensions
WarningCharacterized by anxietyDisaster subculturesCredible vs. non-credible
Diagramming a Disaster Chronology
Threat
Responses vary:
emotional
problem-solving
disengagement or “blunting”
Diagramming a DisasterChronology
ImpactTiming may add to sense of unrealityTime warpDuration
Survival issuesCommunity pre-occupationLow point vs. no low point
Diagramming a DisasterChronology
Inventory
Disorientation
Silence
Assessment/triage
Diagramming a DisasterChronology
Rescue
Remedy/MitigationDisaster euphoriaDisillusionment
Adjustment Stages
Diagramming a DisasterSpatial Dimensions
Convergence
Proximity
Remoteness
Geographic Spread
Diagramming a Disaster
Role Dimensions Assessment of Social Disruption
Practical
Emotional Distinguishing Features of Community
Tragedy
Elements of Crisis Intervention
Safety and Security
Ventilation and Validation
Prediction and Preparation
Group Crisis Intervention(GCI) Techniques
Purpose:Address large numbers Provide peer validationProvide written validation through scribeBegin repair of community’s social fabricEducate community membersAffirm hope for the future
Group Crisis Intervention
LogisticsWho and How Many?Where?When?How Long?Setup
Group Crisis InterventionRoles
Lead Facilitator
Support Facilitator – “Scribe”
Other GCI Supporters
NOVA Basic GCI Process
Introduction Ground Rules Questions
Sensorial, Memories, Prediction and Preparation, Follow-up
Education/Summary
Special IssuesDeath
Emotions:
Fear, Anger, Guilt, Shame Loss Grief Death Notification
Special IssuesLong Term Stress
Post-Trauma Character Changes
Trigger Events
Secondary Injuries
Special IssuesSpirituality
Trauma Impacts Faith Power of Prayer in Crisis Power of Ritual in Crisis Ethical Guidelines for Helpers
Survivors are Vulnerable
Respect Ritual and Practices
Special IssuesCulture
Matrix of Influences Cultural Action Plan
Education
Geography, History, Rituals and Routines
Entrance into a Different Culture
Respect and Good Will
Special IssuesChildren
Developmental Stages Spasmodic Crisis Reactions Death Issues Lack of Denial Grief Impact of Parent Loss
Special IssuesElders
Challenges of Aging
Season of Losses
Trauma Shatters Beliefs
Organizing Crisis Response Teams
GoalsAssist local caregivers in planning
Support local caregivers
Train local caregivers
Provide crisis intervention
Organizing Crisis Response Teams
Levels of Service Team Member Roles:
HQ Staff, Team Leader, Team Manager, Media Liaison, Others (“Worker Bees”)
Local Host Flow of Activities