Open Education in Europe: Trends and Developments
Robert Schuwer
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Agenda
• Open101
• What is Open Education?
• What is happening around Europe?
• Opportunities for a European approach
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CC-BY Hester Jelgerhuis
OPEN101
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What are Open Educational Resources?
• Digital, freely available learning materials
• User has four rights
– Reuse: “as is”
– Rework
– Remix
– Redistribute
• Certain conditions
http://www.flickr.com/photos/jmarty/
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Conditions: open licenses
CC Naamsvermelding• Creative Commons• Three most used:
CC Attribution (CC BY)
CC Attribution ShareAlike (CC BY-SA)
CC Attribution ShareAlike NonCommercial (CC BY-NC-SA)
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A MOOC
• Massive: a lot of participants (> Number of Dunbar)
• Open: Free access
• Online: via the internet
• Course: Unit of offering: course
• A total learning experience
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Types of MOOC’s
• cMOOC: Learner centered (Connectivist learning)
– The original
• xMOOC: Teacher centered
– Start of the hype in 2012
• Task-based MOOC: Learner centered
– E.g. ds106.us (digital storytelling)
• More types are developing
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Open: a lot of meanings
– Open admission (no demands for participation)
– Open in pace (no limited period)
– Open in place (everywhere)
– Open in time (no fixed starting date; no cohort)
– Open in program (complete curriculum or some courses)
– Open for adaptation (freedom for reuse – remix – rework – redistribute)
– Freely available (no costs)
(attribution Fred Mulder)
“classical” openness
“digital” openness
Pagina 10 http://www.flickr.com/photos/johnspooner/2973385919/
WHAT IS OPEN EDUCATION?
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What is education?
• More than just resources
• More than canned lectures
http://www.flickr.com/photos/ikkoskinen/309087067/
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The 5COE model of Open Education
OpenEducation
Educational resources
Teaching effortsServices
Learner needs
Employability &Capabilities Development
Supply
Demand
Source: http://www.surf.nl/en/publicaties/Pages/TrendReportOER2013.aspx
Mulder & Janssen
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Institutional fingerprint of openness
Learning resources
Services
Teaching efforts
Learner needs
Empl. & Cap. Developm.
0% 100%
Example of institutional profile (all learning resources as OER)
Degree of openness
Openness and Open Education supply
OpenEducation
Learning resources
Teaching effortServices
•Freely available•Open for adaptation:
•Reuse•Revise•Remix•Redistribute
•Open in place•Open in time•Open in pace•Open in program•Open admission
Not for free per se!
Open Educational Resources (OER) /Open Courseware (OCW)
OER/OCW
•Freely available•Open for adaptation:
•Reuse•Revise•Remix•Redistribute
•Open in place•Open in time•Open in pace•Open in program•Open admission
Learning resources
Teaching effortServices
•Freely available•Open for adaptation:
•Reuse•Revise•Remix•Redistribute
•Open in place•Open in time•Open in pace•Open in program•Open admission
Massive Open Online Course (MOOC)
MOOC
•Forum•Feedback•Exam•Certificate
•Teacher•Tutor
Learning resources
Teaching effortServices
http://farm7.staticflickr.com/6199/6095764449_cf40f5aebb_o.jpg
WHAT IS HAPPENING AROUND EUROPE?
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Policies on OER in Europe: some examples
• Source: POERUP
– EU-funded Project
– Policies for OER Uptake
– http://poerup.referata.com/wiki/Countries
• No national initiatives on other elements than OER found
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Netherlands
• Netherlands: Wikiwijs program (2008-2013)
– Aims at mainstreaming OER in all educational sectors
– Platform www.wikiwijs.nl
• Minister of Education has announced a policy letter on open and online education
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France
• Several regional initiatives
• No national policy
• National platform for MOOC’s announced (EdX)
http://www.flickr.com/photos/robinellis/6034997759/sizes/o/ (CC BY-ND)
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Germany
• National initiatives: primary, secondary and vocational education
– Lehrer Online
http://www.lehrer-online.de/lehrer-online.php
– Die Virtuelle Schule: http://www.virtuelle-schule.de/
• No national policy
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Poland
• National policy: primary, secondary and vocational education
– Create open textbooks
– 15 organisations involved
http://www.flickr.com/photos/polandmfa/7367963092/sizes/l/ (CC BY-ND)
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United Kingdom
• National initiatives
– JISC/HEA OER program (2009-2012)
• Massive creation of OER for HE
• Focus on several fields (e.g. arts&media, bioscience, business,...)
• Research on OER-related issues
– SCORE (2009-2012)
• Disseminare best practices
– JorumOpen: national repository
http://www.flickr.com/photos/polandmfa/7367963092/sizes/l/ (CC BY-ND)
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MOOC platforms in Europe (oktober 2013)
Source: http://a.tiles.mapbox.com/v3/uvanianaidoo1.map-b815u9pe/page.html#3/16.05/5.10
OpenupEdFuturelearn
Alison
Iversity
OpenHPI
Crypt4You
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OpenUpEd: pan European initiative on MOOC
• Initiated by EADTU
• Launched 25 April 2013
• Umbrella: EU-initiative Opening Up Education
• Platform for access to MOOC’s
• Quality label (a.o. Openness to learners, Digital openness, Learner centered approach, Independent learning, Media-supported interaction, Recognition options)
• Currently 174 courses from 11 partners
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OpenUpEd: some stats
• Without much marketing efforts:
• Stats since April 25 to 30-09-2013
• 10.5 million hits (last 4 months stable at 1.2 million)
• 125.000 unique visitors (30.000 April & May; since June 15.000)
• 7.750 newsletter registrations
• Most visits from Spain, Italy, Portugal, US
• and another 35-40 countries with significant numbers of visits
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CC-BY Hester Jelgerhuis
OPPORTUNITIES FOR A EUROPEAN APPROACH
CC-BY Hester Jelgerhuis
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Opportunities
• Bologna agreement: European Credit Transfer System
– Recognition for MOOC-based learning elsewhere
• EU Program Opening Up Education
– Stimulus for joint development of open and online education
• But how to capitalize on this?
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OER: no regret for government
• Threefold responsibility for government regarding education
– Accessible
– Quality
– Efficiency
• In a sustainable manner
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OER: iron triangle
Starting situation Increased efficiency OER situation
Source: Fred Mulder
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Ceterum censeo materia facta tributo oblatum esse gratuito
http://www.flickr.com/photos/68751915@N05/ CC BY-SA
FINALLY
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Thank you!
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@fagottissimo
linkedin.com/in/robertschuwer
www.robertschuwer.nl