On-site Training Workshop on Prevention and Control of
Illegal Transboundary Movement of Wastes
Hai Phong, Vietnam
August 26-27, 2013
世界海关组织亚太地区情报联络中中心
Regional Intelligence Liaison Office for Asia and the Pacific (RILO) World Customs Organization (WCO)
王亮 Wang Liang 情报分析员Intelligence Analyst
[email protected] Cellphone: 13820201498
Role of the Customs
Introduction to Demeter III
Result of Demeter II
Sky Hole Patching Project
Analysis of Seizures in CEN
Threat:
(1) Environmental disruption--- Pollution of soil and water systems, emission of greenhouse gases, depletion of Ozone layer, negative impact on marine and forest ecosystem
(2) Negative impact on human health---toxic chemicals and wastes affect immune, respiratory and digestive, etc.
(3) Socio-economic impoverishment--- Increased costs of public health, reduced agriculture productivity, exploitation of disadvantaged community
(4) Transnational Organized Crime in East Asia and the Pacific (2013),UNODC--- annual income of illicit market in the region is estimated to be around 90 bn. USD including drug-related crime, IPR infringement, environmental crime and crimes against people; EC accounted for 25%, and illegal trade in e-waste to East Asia and the Pacific region is estimated 3.75bn USD annually.
Why the Customs---Role of Customs in the campaign Implementing a wide range of national policies for which
other government ministries and agencies have policy responsibility, such as revenue, commerce, IPR and EPA;
Being entrusted with enforcement and regulatory responsibility at the point of importation and exportation;
International responsibility, implementation of MEAs and other international agreements ratified by respective government
Safeguard security, national security, economic security and ecological security as well.
Initiated by WCO Secretariat with endorsement of enforcement committee
March 23 to May 11, 2009
65 members participated
Reported seizures 86
46000tons and 1830 pieces interdicted in Africa, Asia and the Pacific and Europe
Goddess of Earth, Agriculture,
Harvest, and Forests
China made proposal at the 32nd Enforcement committee in early 2013 targeting illegal shipments from Europe and other waste exporting regions/countries to Asia-Pacific Region
Legal Framework: (1) Basel Convention
(2) The EU system for supervision and control of waste shipments
(3) Mutual Administrative Agreement between member administrations
(4) Corresponding National Legislation
Participants: States of export: EU(28)+9
EU member countries, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, Australia, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, Canada and United States of America
States of import and States of transit: 11
Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong China, India, Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam
Objective:
Strategic (1) Commitment and importance of the Customs in the fight against the illicit
trade in waste in a multi-agency approach;
(2) Bring awareness of the illicit trade in waste;
(3) Understanding and cooperation between C&C, C&EP&P, C&IO and Customs & other competent law enforcement agencies
(4) Deliver tangible results in terms of detentions seizures of illegal shipments of waste
Objective:
Tactical (1) Improve the knowledge of waste trafficking;
(2) Establish a proper mechanism for information exchange at national and international level;
(3) Identification of more risk indicator for targeting and profiling;
(4) Collect additional info that is not able to obtain during normal daily work.
Objective:
Operational (1) Make interception and detection
(2) Crack down on illegal operators
(3) Improve cooperation between frontline officers and EPA on the ground
(4) Improve follow-up conditions including investigation, forensic tests and prosecution
Scope and target of the Operation: Maritime shipment (container) incl. landlocked countries
Notification, subject to national legislation, of declared wastes and other risky or suspicious shipments
Intensified controls of waste shipments and suspicious and risky shipments
Targeting mainly on hazardous and other wastes, with a particular focus on electrical and electronic waste, household waste and industrial waste covered by the Basel Convention.
Supporting Bodies: China Customs
Secretariat of Basel Convention;
The EU Network for Implementation and Enforcement of Environmental Law (IMPEL);
International Network for Environmental Compliance and Enforcement (INECE);
INTERPOL
Relevant national authorities, such as Police and Environmental Protection Agency
Duration and Phases
Duration: (1) 5 weeks (D1-D35) operational phase + 15 (D36-D50)
days post operational phase;
(2) States of export: D1-D10 operational;
(3) States of import and transit: D1- D35 operational
Duration and Phases
Pre-operational phase (1) Preparation at international and national level;
(2) Collection of relevant information and development of risk indicators and profiles at national level;
(3) Consultation and coordination between Customs, environmental agencies, and the competent law enforcement agencies;
(4) Test of the communication tool CENcomm;
Duration and Phases
Operational Phase
States of export: - Risk profiling, monitoring and notification of shipments
declared as waste or other risky and suspicious shipments via CENcomm;
- Risk profiling and selecting for control of shipments declared as waste and other risky shipments;
- Initiating follow-up investigations;
- Reporting of any detentions and seizures via CENcomm
Duration and Phases
Operational Phase States of import and transit:
- Monitoring of the shipments declared as waste as well as other suspicious shipments notified by the States of export;
- Risk profiling and selecting for control of shipments declared as waste and other risky shipment;
- Controlling of shipments;
- Follow-up investigations;
- Reporting of any detentions and seizures via the CENcomm
Duration and Phases
Post-operational phase Control of containers selected in the previous phase, which have not been controlled; The results of these controls should be preferably reported via CENcomm.
Organizing and Coordinating Structure:
Operation Coordination Unit (OCU) - RILO A/P;
- Maintaining contact with participants;
- Collect information reported to CENcomm;
- Issue newsletters during the operation;
- Analyze the results of the operation on the basis of the information provided by the participants
Organizing and Coordinating Structure:
Regional Intelligence Liaison Offices (RILOs) - Encourage the active participation of their regional
Members;
- Support the OCU;
- Facilitate and coordinate the information exchange at regional level
Organizing and Coordinating Structure:
National Contact Points (NCPs) - Participating members shall designate a NCP;
- Coordinate the operation at national level;
- Liaise with other relevant national authorities concerned;
- Exchange information with other participating members with CENcomm;
- Report seizures via the CENcomm to the OCU
Communication Tool: CENcomm
Confidentiality
Press release
Commenced on 6 February 2012, till 11 March 2012(5 weeks);
Participants all over the globe:
77 WCO members (AP(12): Australia, Bangladesh,
Hong Kong China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Republic of
Korea, New Zealand, PNG, Philippines, Samoa,
Singapore)
11 RILOs
National EPAs, the Secretariat of Basel Convention,
IMPEL, INECE and INTERPOL
Results of Operation Demeter II
64 seizure reports (2,385 tons + 5,416 pcs of
waste)
256 messages exchanged in CENcomm
Majority of seizures were made in Europe
before the waste was shipped out
Africa and Asia as the main destinations
Participating Members
Used vehicle tires Printed paper waste Oily vehicle parts waste
No. of Seizures and Quantities Reported by Participating Members
Departure and Destination of Waste
Cases of Interest 1) 165,600 kg of plastic waste, mainly sullied plastic bottles, was seized in the seaport of Buenos Aires, Argentina in containers en route from Venezuela to Paraguay.
Plastic waste seized at Buenos Aires
Cases of Interest (2) Ten containers of 263,000 kg of paper waste, with unknown origin, containing food stains and food residues, all mixed with packing material, were seized in the port of Nhava Sheva, India.
(3) 59,260 kg of mainly plastic waste (PCB), concealed in barrels and iron crates, were seized in the port of Conakry, Guinea.
(4) 41,000 kg of household trash was seized in the seaport of Itajai, Brazil. The two containers arrived from Canada.
Household trash seized at Itajai, Brazil
Cases of Interest
(5) 26,500 kg of oily used truck parts and engines, destined for Egypt, were seized in the seaport of Gdynia, Poland.
Used truck parts and engines seized at Gdynia, Poland
Export Notification to Non-participating Members
Lessons Learnt The WCO Secretariat invited all participating Customs
administrations to make assessment on the operation’s
objectives through an evaluation form. 44 of the 77 participants
returned the Assessment of the Objectives and Evaluation form
Assessment
Assessment
Assessment
Assessment
Lessons Leant
Positive (1) Fulfilled objective of the Operation and met participants
expectation;
(2) Ensure seamless cooperation on notifications and actions ;
(3) CENcomm was justified as an efficient and effective communication tool;
(4) OCU and RILO’s role was essentially critical;
(5) Trends was unveiled
Lessons Leant
Difficulties
(1) No legislation and condition to carry out controlled delivery;
(2) No arrest of operators;
(3) Illegal demands of wastes
Regional Joint Operation
Background of Project Sky-Hole-Patching
To set up an united anti-environmental crime front in the Asia-
Pacific region to stamp out the illegal trade in Ozone Depleting
Substances (ODS) and hazardous waste
Proposed by China Customs, jointly conducted by UNEP and RILO
AP
Phase I: 6 months pilot for ODS (from 1 Sep 2006)
Phase II: 6 months pilot for hazardous waste (from 1 Mar 2007)
Routine operation from 1 Nov 2007 onwards
Member A
Non-Members through other RILOs
Member B
RILO AP
Export Notifications of suspicious
E-waste/ODS shipments
Import Notifications as feedback
on monitoring results
Seizure Notifications
Project Sky Hole Patching
Project Sky Hole Patching
21 participants
Australia
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Brunei
Cambodia
China
Fiji
Members of Project Sky-Hole-Patching
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Japan
Korea
Macau
Maldives
Mongolia
New Zealand
Philippines
Samoa
Sri Lanka
Thailand
Vietnam
Project Sky Hole Patching
Export Notifications: 59 EU to China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan & Vietnam
One notification was relayed by the Human Environment & Transport Inspectorate in the
Netherlands
Seizure Notifications: 61 (528 tons)
Used computer monitors Used batteries Used LCD monitors
Project Sky Hole Patching
Types of Hazardous Waste
Project Sky Hole Patching
Loading Countries of Hazardous Waste
Project Sky Hole Patching
Declaration of Goods on Manifest
Project Sky Hole Patching
Seizure Notifications of ODS: 5 (30 tons)
Refrigerants R22
(HCFC-22)
Refrigerants R407C Refrigerants R12
(CFC-12)
Project Sky Hole Patching
Increased Members’ awareness of environmental crime
Enhanced mutual cooperation between Customs and Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) in combating environment crime
RILO AP won “2007 Stratospheric Ozone Protection Award” from US
EPA
Skeleton of global joint operations organized by WCO
Project Sky Hole Patching
Achievement
Worldwide Seizures • 210 seizures were reported to
CEN since 2011; • 165 seizure items fell into wastes
covered by Basel Convention • HK reported 89 seizures; • EE,VE, US and DK followed with
39, 27, 18 and 16 respectively
Worldwide Seizures • Used Batteries: 353.1 tons & 7515 pieces • Used Monitors or Display: 294.6 tons & 27661pieces • Used tires: 2638 pieces • Lead &lead compounds: 2.9tons &2114 pieces
Worldwide Seizures Departure and Destination
Non-AP to AP members
Departing Countries Descriptions and Quantities of Seizures
AP to Non-AP Members Date: 2013 Jan& Feb Seizure: Used Tires1109 pieces Route: JP-MZ Conveyance: Vessels
AP-AP Members
AU: Used batteries and monitors (Display) CN: 22.4tons and 3360 pcs of monitors(Display), 26.5 tons of used batteries JP: 1 ton of waste batteries and 3757 pcs of monitors (Display) KR: 14640 pcs of monitors (Display), 0.6 tons of batteries MY: 2.8 tons of batteries, 500 pcs of monitors, 18.3 tons of Nylon residue and sludge SG: 2.1 tons of batteries, 600 pcs of monitors
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