NPOESS Status
Vince TaborOffice of Satellite Data Processing and Distribution
Asian Pacific Satellite Data Exchange and Utilization Meeting
Seoul, June 1-3, 2005
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DMSP (Defense Meteorological
Satellite Program)
EOS (Earth Observing System)
NPOESS (National Polar Orbiting Operational
Environmental Satellite System)
Sensor data rate: 1.5 MbpsData latency: 100-150 min.
15 Mbps sensor data rateData latency: 100-180 min.Data availability: 98%Ground revisit time: 12 hrs.
20 Mbps sensor data rateData latency: 28 min.Data availability: 99.98%Autonomy capability: 60 daysSelective encryption/deniabilityGround revisit time: 4-6 hrs.
Evolutionary Roadmap
POES (Polar Orbiting Operational
Environmental Satellites)
NPP (NPOESS Preparatory Program)
1960 - 2000 2000 - 2010 2010 – 2020+
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3
1. Sense Phenomena2. Downlink Raw
Data3. Transport Data to
Centrals for Processing
Monitor and Control Satellites and Ground Elements
4. Process Raw data into EDRs and Deliver to Centrals
Full IDP Capability at each Central NESDIS, AFWA, FNMOC, NAVO
T
O
B
S
L
A
T
M
L
C
L
FOG
L
R
N
TATM
TSKY
ei
j
Field Terminals SafetyNet
Receptors
Global fiber network connects 15 receptors to Centrals
MMC (Suitland)
Schriever MMC
System Overview
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Top Level Data Flow Description
VIIRSCMISCrISATMS...ADCS +++
Sensor Packets
• S/C C&DH assembles and labels Data UnitsSSR
3 2 1 . . .
• R-S Encoding• Viterbi enc.• Ka-band SMD15 SafetyNet Receptors
Environmental Scene
• (Encryption)C2
C3
C1
• Viterbi decode• R-S error correction• Buffer and forward
valid Data Units to CONUS gateways via global fiber network
• Satcom hop for McMurdoTo Gateways
4
Data flow prototypes and characterizes end-to-end data format,protocol, and function to ensure efficient and reliable data delivery
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Top Level Data Flow Description - II
Data Handling Node (one at each Central)
• Gateways multicast data to Centrals via CONUS fiber network
Ingest
• (Decrypt)• Open Data
Units to extract sensor packets
Ingest subsystem
• Decompress• Chop into
granules• Recover/assemble
RDRsSDR
EDR
Delivery
• Data Units from each satellite arrive at Centrals
C1 data units
Legend:
C2 data units
C3 data units
1
25
673789
26
77
1
38
53
69
• Remove duplicates• Sort by time
From Receptors
CONUS Gateways
IDPS at each Central
5
Data flow prototypes and characterizes end-to-end data format,protocol, and function to ensure efficient and reliable data delivery
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NESDISAFWA
C3SegmentC3Segment Field
Terminal SegmentFieldTerminal Segment
SvalbardPrimary T&CNPP SMD
SvalbardPrimary T&CNPP SMD
TDRSS
LaunchSupportSegment
LaunchSupportSegment
NPP (1030)
NPP (1030)
MMC at SuitlandFlight Operations Team• Enterprise Management• Mission Management• Satellite Operations• Data Monitoring & Recovery
White Sands ComplexLEO & A Backup T&C
White Sands ComplexLEO & A Backup T&C
TDRSS
SDS
Data Handling Node, Front End ProcessorOne full set resides in each of the 2 Centrals
NPP Stored Mission Data Command and Telemetry
Interface Data Processing SegmentInterface Data Processing SegmentOne full set resides in each of the 2 CentralsOne full set resides in each of the 2 Centrals
Data MgtData MgtInfraInfra
IngestIngest
Cal/ValCal/Val
Proc
ess
Proc
e ss
Data DelData Del
Data MgtData MgtInfraInfra
IngestIngest
Cal/ValCal/Val
Proc
ess
Proc
e ss
Data DelData Del
State 1 – NPP Mission OnlyRisk Reduction Mission Phase
HRD Processing Demonstration
HRD Processing Demonstration
GPS
LTA
SpaceSegment
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NESDISAFWAFNMOCNAVO
C3SegmentC3Segment
1330
FieldTerminal SegmentFieldTerminal Segment
GPS
SvalbardPrimary T&CNPP SMD
SvalbardPrimary T&CNPP SMD
TDRSS
NPOESSSpacecraft
LaunchSupportSegment
LaunchSupportSegment
NPP (1030)
NPP (1030)
MMC at SuitlandFlight Operations Team• Enterprise Management• Mission Management• Satellite Operations• Data Monitoring & Recovery
White Sands ComplexLEO & A Backup T&C
White Sands ComplexLEO & A Backup T&C
TDRSS
ADCS
SARSAT
HRDField
Terminal
HRDField
Terminal
LRDField
Terminal
LRDField
Terminal
Schriever MMCContingency Operations Team
SDS
Data Handling Node, Front End ProcessorOne full set resides in each of the 4 Centrals
15 Globally DistributedReceptor Sites Interconnectedby Commercial Fiber
15 Globally DistributedReceptor Sites Interconnectedby Commercial Fiber
NPOESS Stored Mission Data NPP Stored Mission Data Command and Telemetry
Interface Data Processing SegmentInterface Data Processing SegmentOne full set resides in each of the 4 CentralsOne full set resides in each of the 4 Centrals
Data MgtData MgtInfraInfra
IngestIngest
Cal/ValCal/Val
Proc
ess
Proc
e ss
Data DelData Del
Data MgtData MgtInfraInfra
IngestIngest
Cal/ValCal/Val
Proc
ess
Proc
e ss
Data DelData Del
Data MgtData MgtInfraInfra
IngestIngest
Cal/ValCal/Val
Proc
ess
Proc
e ss
Data DelData Del
Data MgtData MgtInfraInfra
IngestIngest
Cal/ValCal/Val
Proc
ess
Proc
e ss
Data DelData Del
* Patent Pending
*
State 2 – NPP & NPOESS Initial Operational Capability (IOC)
LTA
2130SpaceSegment
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NESDISAFWAFNMOCNAVO
SpaceSegment
C3SegmentC3Segment
1330 1730 2130
FieldTerminal SegmentFieldTerminal Segment
GPS
SvalbardPrimary T&CNPP SMD
SvalbardPrimary T&CNPP SMD
TDRSS
Residuals NPOESSSpacecraft
LaunchSupportSegment
LaunchSupportSegment MMC at Suitland
Flight Operations Team• Enterprise Management• Mission Management• Satellite Operations• Data Monitoring & Recovery
White Sands ComplexLEO & A Backup T&C
White Sands ComplexLEO & A Backup T&C
ADCS
SARSAT
HRDField
Terminal
HRDField
Terminal
LRDField
Terminal
LRDField
Terminal
Schriever MMCContingency Operations Team
Data Handling Node, Front End ProcessorOne full set resides in each of the 4 Centrals
15 Globally DistributedReceptor Sites Interconnectedby Commercial Fiber
15 Globally DistributedReceptor Sites Interconnectedby Commercial Fiber
NPOESS Stored Mission Data Command and Telemetry
Interface Data Processing SegmentInterface Data Processing SegmentOne full set resides in each of the 4 CentralsOne full set resides in each of the 4 Centrals
Data MgtData MgtInfraInfra
IngestIngest
Cal/ValCal/Val
Proc
ess
Proc
e ss
Data DelData Del
Data MgtData MgtInfraInfra
IngestIngest
Cal/ValCal/Val
Proc
ess
Proc
e ss
Data DelData Del
Data MgtData MgtInfraInfra
IngestIngest
Cal/ValCal/Val
Proc
ess
Proc
e ss
Data DelData Del
Data MgtData MgtInfraInfra
IngestIngest
Cal/ValCal/Val
Proc
ess
Proc
e ss
Data DelData Del
* Patent Pending
*
State 3 – NPOESS Full Operational Capability (FOC)
LTA
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LRD Sites
HRD Sites
Svalbard, Norway
• Primary T&C
TDRSGPS
Launch support and Backup T&C
L5: 1176.45 MHz L2: 1227.6 MHz L1: 1575.42 MHz
SafetyNet Sites
ARGOS / Advanced Data
Collection System
ALT: 5300 MHz & 13.575 GHz
ADCS: 401.6 MHz & 466 MHz
Emergency Search & Rescue
SARSAT: 406.05 MHz & 1544.5 MHz
CMIS and ATMS Instruments use passive bands from 6 GHz to 183 GHz
NPP SMD: X-band: 8212.5 MHz
T&C: S-band Command: 2067.3 MHz
Telemetry: 2245 MHz
SESS beacons: 150.0 MHz 466.7 MHz 1066.7 MHz 3116.9 MHz 3200.3 MHz 3283.6 MHz
SESS Topside Sounder 3 to 30 MHz
SMD: Ka-band 25.5 - 27 GHz
LRD: L-band 1704 MHz
HRD: X-band 7812 MHz
NPOESS RF Link Summary (as filed with NTIA 10 April 2003)
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Ground Stations
SafetyNetSafetyNet™™ -- 15 globally distributed SMD receptors linked to the centrals via -- 15 globally distributed SMD receptors linked to the centrals via commercial fiber -- enables low data latency and high data availabilitycommercial fiber -- enables low data latency and high data availability
SafetyNetSafetyNet™™ -- 15 globally distributed SMD receptors linked to the centrals via -- 15 globally distributed SMD receptors linked to the centrals via commercial fiber -- enables low data latency and high data availabilitycommercial fiber -- enables low data latency and high data availability
Forteleza
Portugal
Perth
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Current End-to-End EDR Latency
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Time from Observation to Delivery (minutes)
Per
cen
t o
f E
DR
Pro
du
cts
Del
iver
ed
28
77%
NPOESS EDR Processing Timeline
Requirement: 95% of data delivered within 28 min. Capability: Delivering in 23.6 minutes
Requirement: 95% of data delivered within 28 min. Capability: Delivering in 23.6 minutes
Requirement: >77% of data delivered within 15 min. Capability: Delivering 80.3%
Requirement: >77% of data delivered within 15 min. Capability: Delivering 80.3%
Average < 10 minAverage < 10 min
Earliest Data Delivered < 3 minEarliest Data Delivered < 3 min
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Average Data Latency
Latency (minutes)
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Real-Time Operational Demonstrations
NPP (2008)CrIS/ATMS
VIIRSOMPS
Aqua (2002)AIRS/AMSU/HSB & MODIS
METOP (2005)IASI/AMSU/MHS & AVHRR
NPOESS (2009)CrIS/ATMS, VIIRS, CMIS,
OMPS & ERBS
CoriolisWindSat
(2003)
NWS/NCEP
GSFC/DAO
ECMWF
UKMO
FNMOC
Meteo-France
BMRC-Australia
Met Serv Canada
NWS/NCEP
GSFC/DAO
ECMWF
UKMO
FNMOC
Meteo-France
BMRC-Australia
Met Serv Canada
NWPForecasts
NWPForecasts
NOAA Real-Time Data Delivery TimelineGround Station Scenario
NOAAReal-time
UserC3SC3S IDPSIDPS
Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation
Use of Advanced Sounder Data for ImprovedUse of Advanced Sounder Data for ImprovedWeather Forecasting/Numerical Weather PredictionWeather Forecasting/Numerical Weather Prediction
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Development Sensor HighlightsVisible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Raytheon Santa Barbara Prototype in assembly/qual, flight unit in production
• 0.4 km imaging and 0.8 km radiometer resolution• 22 spectral bands covering 0.4 to 12.5 m• Automatic dual VNIR and triple DNB gains• Spectrally and radiometrically calibrated• EDR-dependent swath widths of 1700, 2000, and 3000 km
Crosstrack InfraRed Sounder (CrIS)ITT Ft Wayne Prototype in qualification, flight unit in production• 158 SWIR (3.92 to 4.64 m) channels• 432 MWIR (5.71 to 8.26 m) channels• 711 LWIR (9.14 to 15.38 m) channels• 3x3 detector array with 15 km ground center-to-center• 2200 km swath width
Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) - NASA
Northrop Grumman Electronics Flight unit in protoqual• CrIS companion cross track scan• Profiling at 23, 50 to 57, 183 GHz• Surface measurements at 31.4, 88, 165 GHz• 1.1, 3.3, and 5.2 deg (SDRs resampled)• 2300 km swath width
Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS)
Ball Aerospace Flight unit in production• Total ozone column 300 to 380 nm with 1.0 nm resolution• Nadir ozone profile 250 to 310 nm with 1.0 nm resolution• Limb ozone profile 290 to 1000 nm with 2.4 to 54 nm resolution• Swath width of 2800 km for total column
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Development Sensor Highlights (cont.)
Conical Scanning Microwave Imager/Sounder (CMIS)
Boeing Space Systems Delta PDR complete• 2.2 m antenna• RF imaging at 6, 10, 18, 36, 90, and 166 GHz• Profiling at 23, 50 to 60, 183 GHz• Polarimetry at 10, 18, 36 GHz• 1700 km swath width• Radio Interference (RFI) ECP complete, negotiations being wrapped up
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Leverage Sensor Highlights
Radar Altimeter (ALT)
Alcatel• Measures range to ocean surface with a radar at 13.5 GHz• Corrects for ionosphere with 5.3 GHz radar• Corrects for atmosphere with CMIS water vapor measurements• Precise orbit determination with GPS
Earth’s Radiation Budget Suite (ERBS)
Northrop Grumman Space Technology• Three spectral channels• Total radiation measurement 0.3 to 50 m• Shortwave Vis and IR measurement 0.3 to 5 m• Longwave IR measurement 8 to 12 m
Total Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS)
University of Colorado Agreements in place, design underway• Two sensors for total irradiance (TIM) & spectral irradiance (SIM)
– TIM measures total solar irradiance– SIM measures spectral irradiance 200 to 2000 nm
• Pointing platform and sensor suite to be provided by CU LASP
Survivability Sensor (SS)
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Highlights of Other Sensors
Space Environment Sensor Suite (SESS)
Ball Aerospace Final instrument suite being selected, ECP in negotiations• Sensor suite collecting data on particles, fields, aurora, and ionosphere• Suite includes a UV disk imager (BATC), charged particle detectors (Amptek/U.
of Chicago), thermal plasma sensors (UTD)• Will distribute suite on all 3 orbital planes
Advanced Data Collection System (ADCS) and Search and Rescue Satellite-Aided Tracking (SARSAT)
ITAR agreements done, first integration TIMs underway
• “GFE” to NPOESS from France and Canada
• ADCS supports global environmental applications• SARSAT collects distress beacon signals
Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor (APS) Raytheon Santa Barbara Research Center Full development on hold pending NASA satellite “Glory” plans
• Aerosol characterizations of size, single scattering albedo, aerosol refractive index, aerosol phase function
• Multispectral (broad, 0.4 to 2.25 m)• Multiangular (175 angles)• Polarization (all states)
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NPOESS P3I
• Need for continued evolution recognized from the very beginning of NPOESS program
• P3I requirements in paras 1.6 and 4.1.6.8 of IORD II• NASA’s role in NPOESS (per PDD) is technology development
• P3I is built into the NPOESS program to :• Respond to changing/modified user needs• To track, monitor, and respond to identified user products that the current
NPOESS system can not implement due to technological constraints.
• Two forms of NPOESS P3I are envisioned• Modification of existing sensor to accomplish need• New sensor development required to implement need
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Polar WV Loops Winds improve Wx Fcst
sfc mid-trop
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Space Segment
CMIS
VIIRSCrIS
ATMS
ERBSOMPS
NPOESS 1330 Configuration
Single satellite design for all orbits with common sensor accommodationSingle satellite design for all orbits with common sensor accommodationSingle satellite design for all orbits with common sensor accommodationSingle satellite design for all orbits with common sensor accommodation
Features• 150 Mbps Ka-band link with ample growth margin• Flexible, scalable avionics architecture
• Solid State Recorder expandable to 1 terabits• Random Access for commanded re-transmission
• Modular “plug and play” design with standard IEEE 1394 and 1553
• “Smart margins” throughout• High reliability spacecraft (0.9 / 7yrs) with graceful
degradation• 45 days launch call-up from storage • Onboard fault management• Autonomous operations without commands up to
60 days
• Robust propulsion system• On-board data compression• Optimal redundancy
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NPOESS / NPP Sensor Manifest
1330 1730 21301030 NPP
VIIRSVIIRS
CMISCMIS
CrISCrIS
ATMSATMS
SESSSESS
GPSOSGPSOS
SSSS
SARSATSARSAT
ADCSADCS
ERBSERBS
OMPSOMPS
VIIRSVIIRS
CMISCMIS
VIIRSVIIRS
CMISCMIS
SSSS
SARSATSARSAT
ADCSADCS
ALTALT
TSISTSIS
VIIRSVIIRS
CrISCrIS
ATMSATMS
SSSS
CrISCrIS
ATMSATMS
APSAPS
SARSATSARSAT
OMPSOMPS
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Sensor Suite vs EDR Requirements
Precipitation Type/Rate
Sea SFC Height/TOPO
Solar IrradianceSupra-Therm-Aurora PropSurface Type
Suspended MatterTotal Water ContentVegetative Index
Surface Wind Stress
Snow Cover/Depth
Cloud Top PressureCloud Top TemperatureDown LW Radiance (Sfc)Down SW Radiance (Sfc)Electric Fields
Energetic IonsGeomagnetic Field
In-situ Plasma FluctuationIn-situ Plasma Temp
Med Energy Chgd Parts
Net Solar Radiation (TOA)Neutral Density ProfileOcean Color/ChlorophyllOcean Wave CharacterOutgoing LW Rad (TOA)O3 – Total Column Profile
Electron Density Profile
Ionospheric Scintillation
Ice Surface Temperature
Land Surface TempNet Heat Flux
Imagery
Sea Surface Winds
Aerosol Refractive IndexAlbedo (Surface)Auroral BoundaryAuroral Energy DepositionAuroral Imagery
Cloud Cover/LayersCloud Effective Part SizeCloud Ice Water PathCloud Liquid WaterCloud Optical ThicknessCloud Particle Size/DistribCloud Top Height
Atm Vert Moist ProfileAtm Vert Temp Profile
Sea Surface Temperature
Cloud Base Height
VIIRSCMIS
CrIS/ATMS
SESOMPS
GPSOS
TSISERBS
ALTAPS
LEGEND
- KPPs
Precipitable Water
Soil MoistureAerosol Optical ThicknessAerosol Particle Size
Pressure (Surface/Profile)Sea Ice Characterization
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Low-Risk Launch Vehicle Integration
EELV SIS compatible• EELV-M 4-meter fairing accommodates satellite
• Satellite design compliant with Delta IV and Atlas V Baseline is Delta IV out of VAFB• Sun-synch 828 km orbit
No launch vehicle design integration issues• Standard electrical, mechanical interfaces• Interface control, with launch service contractor
Launch processing planned – NPOESS will be third EELV launch for NGST team• Transportation• Facilities• Processing• Launch
Atlas V400 EPF
Delta IV (4,0)
Standard interfaces ease integration with both launch vehiclesStandard interfaces ease integration with both launch vehiclesStandard interfaces ease integration with both launch vehiclesStandard interfaces ease integration with both launch vehicles
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Mission Management Center
Includes mission planning, satellite and ground asset monitor and control, and enterprise management
Enterprise-wide, hierarchical views into operational ‘real-time’ performance give the operators the necessary information to keep mission data delivered in a timely and highly available manner
Hierarchical and user friendly software displays combined with a well-balanced mix of automated software and operator controlled procedures allow for a small cost-effective operations staff to be deployed yet maintain full oversight and control of mission operations
Primary MMC, located in Suitland, Maryland, initially for NPP with operations expanded for NPOESS
Schriever MMC, located at Schriever AFB, Colorado, prior to launch of the first NPOESS satellite
MMC element provides tools and staff to effectively manage the overall MMC element provides tools and staff to effectively manage the overall NPP/NPOESS missionNPP/NPOESS mission
MMC element provides tools and staff to effectively manage the overall MMC element provides tools and staff to effectively manage the overall NPP/NPOESS missionNPP/NPOESS mission
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Field Terminal Segment Architecture
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Field Terminal Segment Design
Dual use of IDPS software provides a best-value design that combines software and hardware flexibility, expandability, and robustness to meet stringent performance requirements
IDPS designed with sufficient forethought to ensure it meets FTS needs
JTA and DII COE Level 6 compliance minimize impacts to user interfaces and field terminals• Lower development and maintenance costs• FT users get timely access to latest algorithms ensuring quality EDRs• Provides interoperability and hardware platform options
Flexible design ensures users get the data they need when they need it• Programmable downlink that favors high-resolution imagery and provides flexibility for the
future• Flexible ancillary data approach (critical ancillary data via satellite downlink for LRD)• Data compression, channel selection
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Program Summary
Program is making significant technical progress• Overcoming problems as they develop
Ongoing effort with contractors to ensure budget control• Sensor overruns are straining the budget
VIIRS is beginning to show some light down toward the end of the tunnel• Cryocooler test currently underway shows that the basic design/performance issue is the
result of mechanical failures NOT the basic radiator designWe have adjusted the CrIS and OMPS schedules to hold down FY05
expenditures without creating another critical pathNGST and IPO are working with Ball and NASA to plan an efficient integration
processOnce we settle on a VIIRS final schedule, we will establish new launch dates
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Watch List – 15 March 2005
VIIRS:• EDU Cryoradiator failure to cool FPA sufficiently – Root cause analysis is in progress to determine if this is a design problem
(common to FU1), an EDU workmanship issue, or due to test instrumentation problems (or some combination of these). Bare cryoradiator in T/V results look good. Baseline mitigation approach is to adopt ULTEM rigid mount isolators (struts or bipods) between stages instead of launch locks, but also carrying 2 launch lock alternatives (active, passive).
• Earthshine contamination on the Solar Diffuser – Recommended solutions selected by NGST-led working group from brainstorming inputs and consideration of effectiveness and manufacturability. Most affected EDR is OC/C.
• DNB offset knowledge – Analysis focus on how much residual error can be tolerated and still meet EDR performance , to be verified with users at AFWA (in case we confront eventual “use as is” decision). Meanwhile, FPGA code change for DNB readout timing (synchronous w/ TDI clocks) expected to eliminate/reduce the variable offsets at their source is nearing test.
OMPS:• TC defocus – Slit length determined not to be root cause - analysis concentrating on optics and identification of root cause and
impact on EDR performance.CrIS:
• FPA performance degradation over time – Analysis focus on identification of acceptance criteria for flight FPAs and characterization and mitigation of LWIR detector degradation.
CMIS:• Warm load temperature uncertainty – Meeting with JPL and Aerospace experts conducted; focus on warm load cover and
associated temperature uniformity, knowledge, and calibration performance.• Spectral response characterization – Focus on EDR performance impact based on analysis of brightness temperature sensitivity
to passband settability and stability by AER.ATMS:
• Gunn Diode reliability – channels 16-22 have decreased reliability. Focus on EDR performance impact if those channels are not operational: initial results show that the microwave-produced moisture profiles are highly degraded, as expected.