Notes
Welcome to Welcome to CATSCATS
“There are two types of speakers: “There are two types of speakers: those that are nervous those that are nervous
and those that are liars.”and those that are liars.”
- Mark Twain- Mark Twain
Taking Chances“If you’re never scared or embarrassed or
hurt, it means you never take any chances.”
- Julia Sorel, Author
“If you’re not failing every once in a while, you’re living life too cautiously.”
- The Natural Speaker on p. 20
What is a Public Speaker?A person who prepares and delivers a
presentation to a group that listens, generally without interrupting the flow of ideas.
Examples of Public SpeakingCamp Counselor telling stories to kidsKayak Instructor teaching beginnersWedding ToastAnnouncementsReportsPresentation in classShow and TellJob InterviewClient PresentationFamily Gatherings
What Will We Learn?
Planning SpeechesPresenting SpeechesEvaluating SpeechesManaging Anxiety
You Won’t Pass Out
It’s Okay: Everyone is Afraid
We WillAct as a team.Build a learning community.Deliver speeches extemporaneously. Work from an outline, not a verbatim script.Use emotion.
We WillTalk about subjects we care about.Learn how to critique our speeches and other
people’s speeches effectively.Enjoy the experience.Learn a set of procedures for preparing a speech
and set of skills for delivering a speech that we can use in any public speaking situation.
Enjoy the experience.
We Won’tStand at a podium.Make boring presentations.Pass out during a speech.Write a script out in advance.Talk about subjects we don’t care about.
Strengths and AFI’sStrengths: these are areas that you
did well in a speech. It doesn’t mean they’re perfect. There is always room for growth.
Areas For Improvement: we won’t use the word “weakness” in this class. Public speakers are always evolving. There is no such thing as a “perfect” speech.
Why Does Public Speaking Matter?98% of personnel interviewers identified
both verbal and written communication skills as significant factors in hiring decisions.
What are the Symptoms of Public Speaking Anxiety (PSA)?SweatUpset StomachStutterHands shakeBlotchinessCotton MouthSpeech rate increases
What Can I Do about PSA?Proper attitudeExperience PreparationBody MovementProper breathing
What Can I Do about PSA?Concentrate Audience won’t notice all your symptoms
Audience wants you to succeedAudience AnalysisVisualization
Introductions1. Grab the audience’s attention2. Preview the speech
ConclusionsSummarize the speechLeave the audience with something memorable.
Extemporaneous StyleShould feel like a conversation. You will work from an outline. No memorized texts allowed.Keep your eyes focused on the audience
most of time, simply glancing down at their outline when necessary.
Best speaking style for most public speaking situations.
What Makes an Effective Speech?Two Major Audience Questions1. Why should they care about this topic?2. Why should they believe you about this
topic?
What Non-Verbal Elements Make an Effective Speech?1. Posture2. Body Movement3. Gestures & Facial Expressions4. Eye Contact5. Pacing6. Voice Projection7. Enunciation & Pronunciation8. Inflection 9. Enthusiasm & Animation10. Rehearsal11. Confidence
PostureAn upright posture is important for
credibility, and for putting your body in the best position to project your voice and gesture effectively.
Body MovementAdds emphasis and enhances meanings.Engages the audience by increasing the
visual elements of the speech.Helps guard against ineffective listening.
Gestures and Facial ExpressionsEnhances and emphasizes meanings in your
speech.
PacingRapid pacing makes it difficult for the
audience to absorb the material in your speech.
Eye ContactBuilds trust and credibility with the audience.
Voice ProjectionYou need to be heard throughout the room.
Enunciation and PronunciationSpeaking clearly and saying the word in the
proper way.
InflectionThe emphasis you place on words.Where you pause.Where you take a breath.
Enthusiasm and AnimationEnthusiasm helps engage the audience.If you don’t care, why should the audience.
HumorEngages the audience, and tends to relax the
speaker.
RehearsalEnough that you know the material and
movements the day you deliver the speech.Not so much that it begins to sound
memorized and programmed.
Outlines
Major ideas and their relationship to one another.
Written in full sentences or phrases with a heading, indentation, coordination, and subordination.
Software programs have formatting features or style tools that automatically format outlines .
The OutlineInstead of writing out the entire speech word
for wordA brief organization of the main thoughts of a
speech. Allows the speaker to speak from the heart
and present a conversational way.
I. Major pointA.First-level supporting point
1. Second-level supporting point2. Second-level supporting point
a. Third-level supporting pointb. Third-level supporting point
B. First-level supporting point
II. Major pointA. First-level supporting pointB. First-level supporting point
Coordination – points are arranged into various levels
Points ona specificlevel havethe same valueor weight
I. Major pointA. First-level supporting point
1. Second-level supporting point2. Second-level supporting point
a. Third-level supporting pointb. Third-level supporting point
B. First-level supporting point
II. Major pointA. First-level supporting pointB. First-level supporting point
Indentation – formatting by spacing inward various levels of points
Alternateletters andnumbers
I. Major pointA. First-level supporting pointB. First-level supporting point
II. Major pointA. First-level supporting pointB. First-level supporting point
Subordination Placement of supporting points under major points
Outlines have 3 Basic PartsIntroduction: includes attention getter and
previewBody: 75-80% of your speaking time and outlineConclusion: sum up and leave them with
something memorableThese will start fairly simply and get more
complicated as the speeches get longer and more complex
Note CardsKey words and phrases.For example, Story about MonksKey word approach helps jar your memory.
Creating Speaking Note Cards Write legibly – print or type key words. Number your cards. Write on only one side of each card. Delete nonessential words. Use five or six lines per card. Highlight important ideas. Practice in front of another person—your most
critical friend. Use cards unobtrusively.
8 Attention GettersAudience QuestionAmusing AnecdoteStartling StatementStartling StatisticHypothetical SituationQuotationJokePaint a Picture