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North African and Saharan children's play and toy cultures
anthropological research and sociocultural applications
Jean-Pierre Rossie
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PowerPoint presentation for the
Children and Youth Seminar Series
Department of Anthropology
London School of Economics
22 March 2011
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research in the Tunisian Sahara 1975/1977
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from the study of socialization to research on toys and play
Ghrib semi-nomads in the Tunisian Sahara, 1975
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research in Morocco 1992 - today
rural worlds
Pre-Sahara 2005
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urban worlds
Sidi Ifni 2005
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research resources:
fieldwork in the Tunisian Sahara and in Morocco
collection of North African and Saharan toys of the Muse de lHomme, Paris
bibliography of the concerned regions
Morocco2007
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the first data date back tothe end of the 1800s the last to 2011
Ram in fired clay, Algeriabefore 1889, photoD. Ponsard, Muse de
lHommehousehold play in southern Morocco, 2009
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seven aspects of the research on play and toys are discussed:
childrens creativity with natural and waste material
signs and meanings in toys and play
transmission between children through play and toy making activities
playgroups: role of gender and older children
continuity and change in toy and play culture
from research to intercultural and sociocultural applications
ethical aspects of the research
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childrens creativity with natural and waste material
building a mosque and other constructions in the Tunisian Sahara, 1975
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naturalmaterial of
vegetal origin
High Atlas1992
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weaving a camel with palm leaves making a tractor with cactus pieces and waste material
pre-Sahara, 1993 Anti-Atlas, 1996
natural material of vegetal origin
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naturalmaterial
of animal
origin
sheep wool as dolls hair
High Atlas, 1992
horse hair as dolls hair
Anti-Atlas, 1998
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using waste material
making a car, Sidi Ifni, 2005
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children use all available material
northern Morocco, 1993
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second handtoys adaptedto local taste
Anti-Atlas1996
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using a sheeps bone to create dolls related to the Ashura feast
Anti-Atlas, 2008
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signs and meanings: cognitive aspects
the geometry of the play houses
Anti-Atlas, 2008
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expressing femininity and masculinity in dolls
High Atlas, 1996 High Atlas, 1996 Moroccan Sahara, 1997
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in the Tunisian Sahara
dolls without a face dolls with a face modernized doll
1975 1975 1991
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signs and meanings: emotional aspects
childrens relations to their toys
Pre-Sahara, 2005 Anti-Atlas, 2006
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reinterpretation and recontextualisation in doll play
the bride of Marrakech, 1992
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transmission between children through play and toy making activities
transmitting information about the natural world
mastering the wind, Sidi Ifni, 2006
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relating to nature when making toys
High Atlas, 1992 Anti-Atlas, 2002
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transmitting attitudes, values and beliefs of the community
exchanging information and feelings about wedding and man-woman relations
s
reconstruction of a wedding feast scene in girls games, Anti-Atlas 2006
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learning about rituals and feasts in playgroups
the belghenja rain ritual and the belghenja game
belghenja doll of the women and belghenja dolls of the girls, Anti-Atlas, 2007
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playing the ritual for a child that delays in starting to walk
Tunisian Sahara, 1975
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the young mens masquerade in southern Morocco
Tiznit, 2007
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boys preparing to continue this cultural heritage
Tiznit, 2007
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transmitting know-how between children
learning how to weave in a girls doll play
Anti-Atlas, 2007
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learning to make and to ride
the local skateboard
Sidi Ifni, 2002 Marrakech, 1993
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in games verbal and musical expressions are mostly learnedfrom older children in combination with non-verbal behavior
Tiznit, 2006
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developing male identity through shared experiences
playing to be musicians, Sidi Ifni, 2005
developing female identity through shared experiences
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developing female identity through shared experiences
playing the mistress ofa modern household
Tiznit, 2006
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interpreting and discussing adult roles
mother and children in household play
Central Morocco, 1997
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fathers as farmers in a boys game
Anti-Atlas, 2002
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playing teachers behavior in the classroom
Anti-Atlas, 2007
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transmission in childrens play within recently changing contexts
exchanging viewpoints on Moroccans living in Europe and on European tourists
gifts from emigrants and dolls dressed play about sunbathing touristsas emigrants daughters, Anti-Atlas, 2008 Anti-Atlas, 2006
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the private home for children and adults at risk
Anti-Atlas, 2007
gendered playgroups
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gendered playgroups
peer groups of girls and peer groups of boys
Anti-Atlas, 2007
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girls playgroup with peers
throwing five stones, Anti-Atlas, 2005
b l h
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boys playgroup with peers
Sidi Ifni, 2007
l b d f il d i hb h d l ti hi
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playgroups based on family and neighborhood relationships
Anti-Atlas, 2007
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mixed playgroups
peers playgroup of both sexes
the popular car, Anti-Atlas, 2007
l f d d d
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playgroup of mixed age and gender
building a petrol station, Moroccan Sahara, 2007
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girls playgroup and boys playgroup in parallel play
Anti-Atlas, 2009
crossing the gender border
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crossing the gender border
a girl infiltrating a boys playgroup
Sidi Ifni, 2006
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failed gender border crossing
Sidi Ifni, 2007
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the role ofolder childrenin playgroups
telling about thephosphate train
Sidi Ifni, 2007
directing the gameof a wedding feast
Anti-Atlas, 2008
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older boy in the center as playgroup leaderin the Tunisian Sahara, 1975
continuity and change in childrens culture
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continuity and change in children s culture
ancient toy and play traditions
Anti-Atlas, 2005 Pre-Sahara, 2005
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change in toy and play culture
playing, adapting and discussing TV messages in playgroups
the Palestine fighters rescue helicopter during the flood in
Sidi Ifni, 2005 Casablanca, Anti-Atlas, 2011
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electronic toy and toy-portable
Sidi Ifni, 2007 Anti-Atlas, 2005
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playing to be a tourist on the Atlantic coast
Anti-Atlas, 2006
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globalization of the toy markets
from self-made toys to toys as a gift from adults
Southern Morocco, 2005 Central Morocco, 1998
f h t li ti
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from research to applications
intercultural project in a Belgian pre-school based on play in the Tunisian Sahara
an oasis village, Ghent, 1989
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childrens workshops based on
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children s workshops based on
Moroccan childrens toy and play culture
Nafplion, Greece, 2008
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the childrens spirits of Nafplion defending their right to play
creativity workshops with natural and waste material
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city library Biblioteca delle Oblate, Florence, June 2009
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Florence: city of the future and future of the city
October 2009, Italy
Citt del Futuro - il Futuro della Citt, Florence, October 2009
cultural week on Moroccan toys and play
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in a youth house in Safi, a Moroccan coastal town
Safi children discovering self-made toys
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stimulating parents to play with their handicapped childrenby using local toys and games
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by using local toys and games
Safi, 2009
seminar on Moroccan self-made toys formembers of a Safi youth group
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members of a Safi youth group
viewing Moroccan childrens play and toy-making activities followed by a
o kshop fo p ima school p pils teache t aining st dents and p ofesso s
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workshop for primary school pupils, teacher training students and professors
Instituto de Formacin Docente de Bariloche, Argentina, October 2010
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creating masks
d ll
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creating dolls
some of the toys donated to the Muse du Jouet de Moirans-en-Montagne, Francei 2005 f th j t T f th W ld
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in 2005 for the project Toys of the World
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toys made by children of the Moroccan Anti-Atlas
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y ydonated to the Centro per la Cultura Ludica of Turin, Italy
exposition Childrens Dreams (November 2010)
ethical aspects of my research
i i ith hild d k b t
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in connivance with children and known by parents
Tiznit, 2006
collecting information and toys from children based on gift and counter gift
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Middle Atlas, 1994 Anti-Atlas, 2005
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working with collaborators-friends and informants
Boubaker Daoumani Khalija Jariaa
Anti-Atlas, 2006
books on Saharan and North African Toy and Play Culturesfor information and documents/photos see www.sanatoyplay.org
http://www.sanatoyplay.org/http://www.sanatoyplay.org/8/7/2019 North African and Saharan Toy and Play Cultures
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Photography
Khalija Jariaa made the photos of slides 8, 9 right, 15, 20, 23 right,25, 31, 34, 36, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53right, 56 left, 59, 60 left, 71, 79.
Jean-Pierre Rossie made the photos slides 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 left, 11,12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23 left, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32,33, 35, 37, 38, 43, 53 left, 54, 55, 56 right, 57, 58, 60 right, 61, 62,64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82.