NORTH AFRICA & MIDDLE EAST
• Group 4• Labastida, Kenneth• Lasam, Kirei• Lopez, Robynne• Marbella, Esther• Mejia, Shannel
NORTH AFRICA
I. LOCATION
RELATIVE LOCATION
SUB-REGIONS
• Maghreb- Consists of Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya, Mauritania- An Arabic word which means “where the sun sets”
SUB-REGIONS
• Mashriq- Covers parts of territory from west to east (Senegal, Southern Mauritania, Mali, Burkina, Faso, Southern Algeria, Niger, Northern Nigeria, Chad, Sudan, Northern Ethiopia, and Eritrea.- An Arabic word meaning “where the sun rises”
MIDDLE EAST
II. LANDSCAPE
NORTH AFRICA
III. ECONOMY
NORTH AFRICA
PRODUCTS
Country Products
Western Sahara 1. Major Phosphate producer
Tunisia 1. Wood products
Algeria 1. Olive Oil
Egypt 1. Cotton2. Textile industry
Morocco 1. Coal2. Leather goods
Libya 1. Petroleum and natural gas ( National Oil Company of Libya; Waha Oil Company)
CURRENCY
Country Currency
Morocco Dirham
Algeria Algerian Dinar
Tunisia Tunisian Dinar
Libya Libyan Dinar
Egypt Egyptian Pound
Sudan Sudanese Dinar
Western Sahara Dirham
IV. GOVERNMENT
NORTH AFRICA
COUNTRY NAME
TYPE OF GOVERNME
NT
HEAD OF STATE
NATIONAL FLAG
MORROCO Constitutional Monarchy
King Mohammed IV (since July 23, 1999)
ALGERIA Republic Incumbent Abdelaziz Bouteflika (since April 27, 1999)
TUNISIA Republic Incumbent Moncef Marzouki (since December 13, 2011)
COUNTRY NAME
TYPE OF GOVERNME
NT
HEAD OF STATE
NATIONAL FLAG
LIBYA Works under transitional government
National Transitional Council (since February 27, 2011)
EGYPT Republic Incumbent Mohamed Hussein Tantawi (since February 11, 2011)
I. LOCATION
MIDDLE EAST
RELATIVE LOCATION
SUB-REGIONS
• Arabian peninsula• a peninsula which consists of
barren desert areas between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf
• strategically important for its oil resources
• Countries:• Saudi arabia• Qatar• Oman• Bahrain• Kuwait• United Arab of Emirates• Yemen
SUB-REGIONS
• Fertile Crescent• The term was popularized by the American
Orientalist James Henry Breasted.• refers to part of the ancient Near East that
has been considered to be the principal center for the emergence of agriculture, villages, and cities, and hence the “cradle of civilization.”
• extends in an arc from the Nile River valley through Israel, Lebanon, Jordan, and Syria and into Iraq
• a rich food-growing area in a part of the world where most of the land is too dry for farming
• a boomerang shaped region that extends from the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf
• countries:• Israel• Jordan• Lebanon• Syria
II. LANDSCAPE
MIDDLE EAST
III. ECONOMY
MIDDLE EAST
PRODUCTS
Countries Products NotesIran Oil
AutomotiveTelecommunicationsPetrochemicalBanking and Insurance
One of the largest economy in the Middle East and has the potential to be one of the world’s largest economies in the 21st century
Iraq Oil The war with the United States had handicapped Iraq’s economy
U.A.E Oil Saudi Arabia Oil
Petrochemical and chemical products (SABIC-Saudi Arabian Basic Industries Corporation)Gol, Aluminum, Phosphate (Ma’aden
Yemen KhatOil(Limited)
Relies on expatriate remmittances
Oman Oil Middle east’s most reliant country in oil
IV. GOVERNMENT
MIDDLE EAST
COUNTRY NAME
TYPE OF GOVERNME
NT
HEAD OF STATE
NATIONAL FLAG
IRAN Theocratic Republic
Incumbent Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (since August 3, 2005)
IRAQ Parliamentary Democracy
President Jabal Talabani (since August 7, 2005)
OMAN Monarchy Sultan Qaboos bin Said Al Said (since July 23, 1970)
COUNTRY NAME
TYPE OF GOVERNME
NT
HEAD OF STATE
NATIONAL FLAG
YEMEN Republic Incumbeny Abd Rabbuh Mansur Al-Hadi(since February 25, 2012)
SAUDI ARABIA Monarchy Abdullah bin Abdul-Aziz Al Saud (since August 1, 2005)
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Federal Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum (Since January 4, 2006)
V. CURRENT EVENTSNORTH AFRICA
LIBYA
• Thousands of demonstrators gather inBayda,Libya
ALGERIA
• Protests and violence in Algeria against corrupted government
V. CURRENT EVENTSMIDDLE EAST
YEMEN
• Protests in Sana’a, Yemen
YEMEN
• Yemen: elections on-going to replace leader Al salleh Abdulah
OMAN
• Protesters set ablaze Lulu Hypermarket inSohar, Oman on 28 February 2011
REASONS FOR UPRISING
-A wave of protests has erupted throughout the Middle East and North Africa. A combination of the global financial crisis, rising costs of living, high unemployment — especially of educated youth, frustration from decades of living under authoritarian and corrupt regimes, various document leaks revealing more details about how governments around the world are dealing and viewing each other, have all combined in different ways in various countries, leading to a wave of rising anger. -Some protests have become revolutions as governments such as those in Tunisia and Egypt have been overthrown. Others have not got that far but have sometimes been peaceful, other times met with very brutal repression.
- These protests do not only happen in a single country but also to those states goverened by an authoritarian government. Pro-democracy citizens struggles to overthrow leaders who abuse their authoritarian power for their personal interests.
- We may wonder why these protests that later turned out to be revolutions were
not as peaceful like what happened in our country. It’s because of the long-running oppressive regimes who assumes power taking it to a high level of audacity. As situations like these arise, ordinary citizens took up arms to help free themselves from the brutal regimes. This caused a more violent atmosphere between the two opposing sides.
- It is also because leaders of these countries has decided to ratchet up the
firepower, to crush this uprising once and for all to break their spirit, to seal these areas off so they can't get in, so that they can't get medical supplies in, so that they can't bring weapons in to support themselves as a last resort to stop these people.
ARAB SPRING
The uprising of these countries in the Middle East and North Africa particularly Syria, Libya, Tunisia etc. are a part of a wider on-going violent conflict, termed as the ARAB SPRING which started more or less in 2010 affecting large part of the Arab World. Arab Spring is may be literally interpreted as Arabic Rebellions/Arab Revolutions that are currently bombarding many countries in the west. It is a revolutionary wave of demonstrations and protests occurring in the Arab world that began approximately in December 2010. To date, rulers have been forced from power in Tunisia, Egypt Libya, and Yemen;
civil uprisings have erupted in Bahrain and Syria; major protests have broken out in Algeria, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Morocco and Oman; and minor protests have occurred in Lebanon, Mauritania, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and Western Sahara.
Clashes at the borders of Israel in May 2011 and the Palestine 194 movement have also been inspired by the regional Arab Spring.
The protests have shared techniques of civil resistance in sustained campaigns involving strikes, demonstrations, marches, and rallies, as well as the use of social media to organize, communicate, and raise awareness in the face of state attempts at repression and Internet censorship.
Many demonstrations have met violent responses from authorities, as well as from pro-government forces and counter-demonstrators.
EFFECTS/IMPACT TO THE WORLD
- Left and right protests caused an uproar affected extremely the social life not only of the citizens of the country but also other nationalities including OFWs of our own.
- Since the west is known for their huge production of oil, these protests somehow hinders the trade of these countries around the world. Why? Of course, traders are afraid of terrorist attacks and tend to search for other sources of oil to avoid these kind of matters.
- - This series of conflicts continue to threaten the future of countries not only in the middle east but also the countries around the world, hindering it to progress.