Prehistoric- We have no written Prehistoric- We have no written records of this time period or of these records of this time period or of these people. people.
We use clues like artifacts in burial We use clues like artifacts in burial sites, tools, stone and ceramic pots sites, tools, stone and ceramic pots and clothing to learn about them.and clothing to learn about them.
• Hunted wild animals for food like Hunted wild animals for food like mammoths, caribou, oxen, and mammoths, caribou, oxen, and wolveswolves
• Gathered seeds, nuts, & roots Gathered seeds, nuts, & roots from wild plantsfrom wild plants
• Used bones and needles to sew Used bones and needles to sew animal hides for clothes and animal hides for clothes and blankets.blankets.
• See page 31 Ohio AdventuresSee page 31 Ohio Adventures
Lived in Ohio’s tall forestsLived in Ohio’s tall forests Hunters that used spearsHunters that used spears Developed the Developed the atlatl, atlatl, a hooked spear a hooked spear
throwerthrower Hunted deer, turkeys, bears, ducks, geeseHunted deer, turkeys, bears, ducks, geese Used all parts of animals: flesh-food, Used all parts of animals: flesh-food,
hides-clothing & moccosins, bones-tools, hides-clothing & moccosins, bones-tools, sinew (muscle)-sewing, teeth-ornaments sinew (muscle)-sewing, teeth-ornaments & necklaces& necklaces
Hunters and gatherersHunters and gatherers However, were first to grow own food and However, were first to grow own food and
save it for winter.save it for winter. Did not move so much in order to find foodDid not move so much in order to find food Lived in semi-permanent villagesLived in semi-permanent villages Were moundbuilders (many different Were moundbuilders (many different
shapes)shapes)– Burial moundsBurial mounds– Religious ceremoniesReligious ceremonies– Protection fortsProtection forts
Sites near rivers or streamsSites near rivers or streams Water needed for cooking, drinking, Water needed for cooking, drinking,
washing and transportation.washing and transportation. Planted and harvested cropsPlanted and harvested crops Lived in caves or homes made with Lived in caves or homes made with
woven branches & grasseswoven branches & grasses 2 types of Mounds2 types of Mounds Coneshaped…burial Coneshaped…burial
Effigy…animal shapedEffigy…animal shaped P. 37 Great Serpent MoundP. 37 Great Serpent Mound
Hunted, Gathered & Raised CropsHunted, Gathered & Raised Crops Built villages near riversBuilt villages near rivers Like Adena, lived in southern part of Like Adena, lived in southern part of
Ohio, but moved NorthwardOhio, but moved Northward Mounds were geometric in shape; Mounds were geometric in shape;
circle, rectangle, square, octogon & circle, rectangle, square, octogon & concentric circles (circles inside circles)concentric circles (circles inside circles)
Hopewell traded more than AdenaHopewell traded more than Adena
Historic…we have written records about Historic…we have written records about these Indians.these Indians.
http://http://www.ohiohistorycentral.orgwww.ohiohistorycentral.org Wyandot Wyandot MiamiMiami OttawaOttawa ShawneeShawnee DelawareDelaware MingoMingo
Common Characteristics Common Characteristics of All Tribesof All Tribes
Lived in groups- cousins, aunts, uncles Lived in groups- cousins, aunts, uncles and grandparents under one roofand grandparents under one roof
Everyone had a jobEveryone had a jobMenMen-hunted, fished, cleared fields, -hunted, fished, cleared fields,
defended villagesdefended villagesWomenWomen-planted, harvested crops, -planted, harvested crops,
cooked, prepared animal skinscooked, prepared animal skinsChildrenChildren-copied parents-copied parents
Characteristics ContinuedCharacteristics Continued
All wore warm leggings, skirts, robes of animal All wore warm leggings, skirts, robes of animal furs, moccasins, sashes, beading, painted skinfurs, moccasins, sashes, beading, painted skin
All used wool blanketsAll used wool blankets All believed in the Great SpiritAll believed in the Great Spirit All participated in ceremoniesAll participated in ceremonies Every tribe had two leadersEvery tribe had two leaders
-village chief-village chief
-war chief-war chief
The WyandotThe WyandotHomes:Homes:
-Longhouses-Longhouses-Sandusky River-Sandusky River
Known Artifacts:Known Artifacts:-Wooden Masks-Wooden Masks
Famous Chief: Tarhe the CraneFamous Chief: Tarhe the Crane
Interesting Facts:Interesting Facts:-called “Grandfathers”-called “Grandfathers”-brave and wise people-brave and wise people-friends of the Shawnee-friends of the Shawnee
Tarhe the CraneTarhe the Crane
The MiamiThe MiamiHomes:Homes:
-wigwams-wigwams-Great Miami River and Little Miami River near Piqua-Great Miami River and Little Miami River near Piqua
What did the people do?What did the people do?-women were excellent farmers-women were excellent farmers-farmed white corn and had large fruit orchards-farmed white corn and had large fruit orchards
Known Artifacts:Known Artifacts:-moccasins-moccasins
What did they wear?What did they wear?-wore few clothes-wore few clothes-covered bodies in tattoos-covered bodies in tattoos
Famous Chief: Little TurtleFamous Chief: Little Turtle
Interesting Facts:Interesting Facts:-brave warriors-brave warriors
Little TurtleLittle Turtle
The MingoThe Mingo
Homes:Homes:-wigwams and longhouses-wigwams and longhouses-Cuyahoga River in North Eastern Ohio-Cuyahoga River in North Eastern Ohio
Known Artifacts:Known Artifacts:-masks-masks
Interesting Facts:Interesting Facts:-wanted to be left alone to live in peace-wanted to be left alone to live in peace-village called Mingo Town-village called Mingo Town
The OttawaThe OttawaHomes:Homes:
-tepees and longhouses-tepees and longhouses-Maumee River-Maumee River
What did the people do?What did the people do?-traders-traders
Known Artifacts:Known Artifacts:-beaded pouches-beaded pouches
Famous Chief: PontiacFamous Chief: Pontiac
Interesting Fact:Interesting Fact:-best traders in Great Lake Region -best traders in Great Lake Region -many great warriors-many great warriors
PontiacPontiac
The ShawneeThe ShawneeHomes:Homes:
-wigwams-wigwams-Scioto River in Southern Ohio-Scioto River in Southern Ohio
Known Artifacts:Known Artifacts:-carrying bags-carrying bags
What did the people wear?What did the people wear?-loved silver-loved silver-tall and handsome people-tall and handsome people
Famous Chiefs: Tecumseh and Blue JacketFamous Chiefs: Tecumseh and Blue Jacket
Interesting Facts:Interesting Facts:-brave and respected warriors-brave and respected warriors-Tecumseh-Tecumseh
Tecumseh and Blue JacketTecumseh and Blue Jacket
The DelawareThe Delaware
Homes:Homes:-wigwams-wigwams-Muskingum and Tuscarawas Rivers-Muskingum and Tuscarawas Rivers-last tribe to settle in Ohio-last tribe to settle in Ohio
Known Artifacts:Known Artifacts:-dolls-dolls
Famous Chief: Chief MingoFamous Chief: Chief Mingo
Interesting Facts:Interesting Facts:-called “Grandfathers”-called “Grandfathers”-oldest Indian nation-oldest Indian nation-fought settlers-fought settlers
Chief MingoChief Mingo
Reasons include:Reasons include: 1. Religious Persecution… being 1. Religious Persecution… being
killed because of their religionkilled because of their religion 2. Famine or disease in their home 2. Famine or disease in their home
countrycountry 3. The desire for a better life without 3. The desire for a better life without
living in poverty.living in poverty. 4. America was a land of opportunity4. America was a land of opportunity
Read Ohio p. 89-92Read Ohio p. 89-92 Settlers cut down trees and cleared land Settlers cut down trees and cleared land
for towns and farms.for towns and farms. Many wild animals disappeared.Many wild animals disappeared. Indians caught diseases from white men.Indians caught diseases from white men. Some drank settlers whiskey and Some drank settlers whiskey and
became alcoholics and no longer took became alcoholics and no longer took care of family.care of family...
Read & Discuss:Read & Discuss: Katie’s Wish…Barbara Shook HazenKatie’s Wish…Barbara Shook Hazen Annushka’s voyage…Edith TarbescuAnnushka’s voyage…Edith Tarbescu The Memory Coat…Elvira WoodruffThe Memory Coat…Elvira Woodruff When Jessie Came Across the Sea…When Jessie Came Across the Sea…
Amy HestAmy Hest