PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS
Clothing.
Shelter – needed by even animals.
Metabolic needs – air, water, food, rest.
SAFETY NEEDS
Security at work place.
Job security and stability.
Safety of property against natural disasters, calamities, wars, etc.
USES
Hierarchy of needs theory lead the managers to
think about and lay emphasis on ways of satisfying
worker needs at various levels to keep them spirited
and motivated.
BEHAVIOURAL APPROACH
Characteristics:-
• Managerial decisions focus on human and its behaviour.
• Study of psychology, sociology, etc. is required for understanding employees’ behaviour.
• Healthy human relation are good for employees’ productivity.
• Motivation, Leadership, Communication, Participative management should be properly used.
Advantages:-
• Development of management.
• Employee job-satisfaction increases.
• Achievement of objectives.
BEHAVIOURAL APPROACH
Limitations:-
• Difficult to forecast human behaviour.
• It cannot be universally accepted as human
behaviour is based on occasional experiments.
• Instigates avoiding work.
• Leads to inefficiency.
• Undermines the economic performance, not good
foe business unit.
BEHAVIOURAL APPROACH
Conclusion:-
• Job itself is source of motivation and satisfaction.
• Manager should use untapped human potential.
• Manager should create environment where each
employee can give his best.
• Operating efficiency can be increased by self-
direction, self-control and subordinate influence.
• Work satisfaction improves employees’ productivity
which is good for business.
BEHAVIOURAL APPROACH