GlobalMET Conference - 3rd and 4th November 2017, Holiday Inn, Mumbai, India
Maritime Education and Training in China: Now and Future
Liu Zhengjiang
Dalian Maritime University
GlobalMET Conference - 3rd and 4th November 2017, Holiday Inn, Mumbai, India
Contents
1 Overview of Chinese MET and Seafarers
2 Present Situation of MET in China
3 Measures for Future Development
GlobalMET Conference - 3rd and 4th November 2017, Holiday Inn, Mumbai, India
MET Institutions in China
MaritimeEducation
Higher education
four year university
(bachelor degree)
higher vocational school (diploma)
Secondary education secondary
vocational school (diploma)
GlobalMET Conference - 3rd and 4th November 2017, Holiday Inn, Mumbai, India
Number of different levels of Institutions in China in 2000 and 2015
73
49
17
32 33
university higher vocational school secondary vocational school
MET Institutions in China
Number of institutions(2000) Number of institutions(2015)
GlobalMET Conference - 3rd and 4th November 2017, Holiday Inn, Mumbai, India
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Enrollment of MET in China 2000-2016
universities higher vocational s secondaray vocational s others total
Enrollment and Graduates
Enrollment of different levels of MET institutions in China (1)
GlobalMET Conference - 3rd and 4th November 2017, Holiday Inn, Mumbai, India
Enrollment of MET in China 2000-2016
year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
universities 2067 2637 2855 2955 2869 3271 3702 4094 4604 4589 4475 5723 5271 5512 5738 4862 5826
higher voca 2813 2225 3453 5280 6401 7959 7973 9290 9182 11026 12829 13050 9683 10537 8666 8211 7932
secondaray voca 1373 1051 1387 1468 1153 1462 4155 7864 15472 18318 23324 15767 7349 3289 1585 1414 1187
others 0 0 0 0 0 0 6955 10664 15052 12245 13341 9373 5857 2514 1164 473 390
total 6253 5913 7695 9703 10423 12692 22785 31912 44310 46291 53996 43913 28160 21852 17153 14960 15335
Enrollment of different levels of MET institutions in China (2)
GlobalMET Conference - 3rd and 4th November 2017, Holiday Inn, Mumbai, India
33.00%
25.80%
8.30%
32.50%
45.00%
62.70%
23.80%
54.90%
22.00%
11.50%
43.20%
9.50%
2000
2005
2010
2015
Percentage of enrollment for different levels of institutions
University Higher vocational school Secondary vocational school OtherHigher education institutions have experienced a V type change; the secondary education has had a rapid increase and a sudden decrease
Percentage of enrollment for different levels of institutions
GlobalMET Conference - 3rd and 4th November 2017, Holiday Inn, Mumbai, India
percentages of graduates entering shipping companies
university 64%
higher vocational school 77%
secondary vocational school 95%
Examinations and Joining
percentages of students passing national certification
assessment on the first try
university 87%
higher vocational school 71%
secondary vocational school <50%
We have done
a survey to
some of the
graduates from
different levels
of MET
institutions in
China.
GlobalMET Conference - 3rd and 4th November 2017, Holiday Inn, Mumbai, India
Chinese seafarers holding valid STCW certificates from 2014 to 2016
2014 2015 2016
officers 130,541 131,366 116,369
ratings 215,541 178,982 146,957
overall 346,082 310,348 263,326
It seems that Chinese seafarers holding STCW certificates keep
decreasing since 2014. Part of the reason is that some seafarers that had
already stopped go on board for some years did not change the new
certificates after the transition period of STCW Manila Amendments
Quantity of Seafarers
Number of Seafarers holding valid STCW certificates
GlobalMET Conference - 3rd and 4th November 2017, Holiday Inn, Mumbai, India
Chinese seafarers employed by foreign companies from 2014 to 2016
2014 2015 2016
officers 46,374 49,372 53,265
ratings 31,971 35,441 37,912
overall 78,345 84,813 91,177
Amount of Chinese seafarers employed by foreign companies
has increased by more than 15% .
Number of Chinese seafarers employed by foreign companies
GlobalMET Conference - 3rd and 4th November 2017, Holiday Inn, Mumbai, India
Present Situation of MET in China
Occupation
attractiveness
of seafarers
Education
quality of
MET in China
Shipping
industry and
shipping
technology
GlobalMET Conference - 3rd and 4th November 2017, Holiday Inn, Mumbai, India
Shipping industry and shipping technology
● The shipping industry is still at the low tide
● The profits of shipping companies have been largely reduced,
which lead to the merging and reorganizing of companies
● Some companies have stopped the recruitment of new
seafarers to reduce the operating costs
GlobalMET Conference - 3rd and 4th November 2017, Holiday Inn, Mumbai, India
●Two trends in shipping technology that affect MET is the development
of megaships and autonomous ships
● Megaships will decrease the number of ships needed (e.g. China in
the year of 2001: ocean-going ships flying Chinese flag 2645; fleet
capacity 23857.2 kilotons. China in the year of 2016: ocean-going ships
flying Chinese flag 2409; fleet capacity 65227.6 kilotons)
●Autonomous ships may lead to reduction of manning level onboard
GlobalMET Conference - 3rd and 4th November 2017, Holiday Inn, Mumbai, India
Education quality of MET in China
Education
quality
MET
facilities
High level
talents
Education
objective
●The education quality of Chinese MET institutions get good
reputation
● However, there are still problems need to be solved:
Education quality Unbalanced (relatively low in some secondary
vocational schools)
MET facilities Uneven (e.g. only 16 ships in 9 institutions in total)
Education objectives Vague
Higher level talents Insufficient (e.g.lack of talents in management,
finance and so on)
GlobalMET Conference - 3rd and 4th November 2017, Holiday Inn, Mumbai, India
Occupation attractiveness of seafarers
(Source:Tradingeconomics.com)
China average yearly wages
The income difference between seafarers and other professions
is narrowing
In 2016, the yearly wages have reached over 10,000 dollars a
year in China
GlobalMET Conference - 3rd and 4th November 2017, Holiday Inn, Mumbai, India
While the wages for seafarers stay at the same level
The following figure is an example of wages for seafarers working on dry
cargo ships from 2013 to 2017
The wages of lower levels of seafarers show no advantage
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
captain 7200 7200 7300 7400 7200
third officer/engineer 1500 1500 1400 1400 1400
rating 800 800 850 900 900
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
wag
es(d
ollars
per
mo
nth
)
wages for seafarers working on dry cargo ships(for reference)
Data source: www.csi.com.cn
GlobalMET Conference - 3rd and 4th November 2017, Holiday Inn, Mumbai, India
Measures for Future Development
Legislation for MET in China
Keep improving facilities, faculties and
teaching technology
Different strategy for different level of
institutions
GlobalMET Conference - 3rd and 4th November 2017, Holiday Inn, Mumbai, India
Legislation for MET in China
Regulation of the
People's Republic of
China on Seamen
Regulation of People's
Republic of China on
the Administration of
Overseas Assignment
of Seamen
Regulations of
Seafarer Training
Management
The laws and regulations have covered the area of registration, training, examination, certification, service, rights and interests.
The Chinese government has established series of laws and regulations
GlobalMET Conference - 3rd and 4th November 2017, Holiday Inn, Mumbai, India
Legislation for MET in China
●New regulation and policy is needed to
◦Guarantee the input of MET
◦Guide education activity of MET institutions
◦ Maintain the interests of seafarers
◦ Reduce the tax rates of seafarers in China
GlobalMET Conference - 3rd and 4th November 2017, Holiday Inn, Mumbai, India
Different strategy for different level of institutions
● Four year universities focus
on the education of leading
personnel
● Higher vocational schools
focus on the education of
qualified and competent
officers for modern ships
● Secondary vocational
schools focus on the education
of skilled ratings and personnel
GlobalMET Conference - 3rd and 4th November 2017, Holiday Inn, Mumbai, India
●various levels of institutions need to seek for different teaching
and educating methods:
◦Some universities--Excellence engineering education program
◦Vocational schools-- order-based model, sandwich training
model
GlobalMET Conference - 3rd and 4th November 2017, Holiday Inn, Mumbai, India
Excellence engineering education
program of DMU
The objective of the program is changing from simplex competency training to
compound education.
GlobalMET Conference - 3rd and 4th November 2017, Holiday Inn, Mumbai, India
Improving facilities of MET institutions: Training Ship Alliance
DMU
SMU
Jimei
Yukun Yupeng
Yufeng Yuming
Yude
GlobalMET Conference - 3rd and 4th November 2017, Holiday Inn, Mumbai, India
WUT Xinghai Fuhai
7 training ships
from different
institutions have
joined the alliance
DMU
WUT
Jimei
SMU
Improving facilities of MET institutions: Alliance
GlobalMET Conference - 3rd and 4th November 2017, Holiday Inn, Mumbai, India
Improving faculty of MET institutions
Increase the number of
teachers holding STCW
certificates
59%
41%
education background of teachers
master andabove
bachlor
70%
3…
teachers with STCW certificates
with STCW
without STCW
GlobalMET Conference - 3rd and 4th November 2017, Holiday Inn, Mumbai, India
Applying new teaching technology: MOOC
Platform: MOOC of Chinese Universities
Course: nautical mechanics
Course: automation of marine engine
GlobalMET Conference - 3rd and 4th November 2017, Holiday Inn, Mumbai, India
Facede of the Administration
Building
Students in Parade
Night View of DMU
Library
The P
icturesq
ue D
MU
GlobalMET Conference - 3rd and 4th November 2017, Holiday Inn, Mumbai, India
Thank you for your attention