Macmillan Education
4 Crinan Street London N1 9XW
A division of Macmillan Publishers Limited
Companies and representatives throughout the world
wwwmacmillan-caribbeancom
ISBN 978-0-230-48225-8
copy Caribbean Examinations Council (CXCreg) 2017
wwwcxcorg
wwwcxc-storecom
The author has asserted their right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the
Copyright Design and Patents Act 1988
First published 2014
This revised version published 2017
Permission to copy
The material in this book is copyright However the publisher grants permission for copies to be
made without fee Individuals may make copies for their own use or for use by classes of which they
are in charge institutions may make copies for use within and by the staff and students of that
institution For copying in any other circumstances prior permission in writing must be obtained
from Macmillan Publishers Limited Under no circumstances may the material in this book be used
in part or in its entirety for commercial gain It must not be sold in any format
Designed by Macmillan Publishers Limited
Cover design by Macmillan Publishers Limited and Red Giraffe
CSECreg Agricultural Science Free Resources
LIST OF CONTENTS
CSECreg Agricultural Science Syllabus Extract 3
CSECreg Agricultural Science Syllabus Specimen Papers and Mark Schemes 4
CSECreg Agricultural Science Subject Reports
2004 Single Award Subject Report 162
2004 Double Award Subject Report 171
2005 Single Award Subject Report 191
2005 Double Award Subject Report 199
2006 Single Award Subject Report 214
2006 Double Award Subject Report 222
2007 Single Award Subject Report 236
2007 Double Award Subject Report 250
2008 Single amp Double Award Subject Report 266
2009 Single amp Double Award Subject Report 279
2010 Single amp Double Award Subject Report 291
2011 Single amp Double Award Subject Report 309
2012 Single amp Double Award Subject Report 318
2013 Single amp Double Award Subject Report 327
2014 Single amp Double Award Subject Report 339
2015 Single amp Double Award Subject Report 352
Agricultural Science
The Agricultural Science syllabus is designed to allow students to develop knowledge
and understanding of the interaction between the component parts of agriculture and
WKH VFLHQWLiquestF SULQFLSOHV WKDW H[SODLQ WKH SURFHVVHV WKDW WDNH SODFH ZKHQ LQSXWV DUH
transformed into outputs The syllabus requires students to treat with certain conceptual
and theoretical issues associated with the discipline while at the same time providing
them with the opportunity to develop a wide range of practical skills and an awareness
of the technologies associated with agriculture
The syllabus provides for study leading to a Single Award or a Double Award in the
VXEMHFWDQGLVDUUDQJHGLQiquestYHVHFWLRQV
bull Section A The Business of Farming
bull Section B Crop Production
bull Section C Animal Production
bull Section D Horticulture
bull Section E Animal Management
Candidates presented for the Single Award examination must complete Sections A
B and C only while candidates presented for the Double Award examination must
FRPSOHWH6HFWLRQV$WR(DOOiquestYHVHFWLRQV
Effective for examinations from MayndashJune 2018
SYLLABUS
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE
CXC 07GSYLL 16
Caribbean Secondary Education Certificatereg
CXC 07GSYLL 16
Correspondence related to the syllabus should be addressed to The Pro-Registrar Caribbean Examinations Council Caenwood Centre 37 Arnold Road Kingston 5 Jamaica Telephone Number + 1 (876) 630-5200
Facsimile Number + 1 (876) 967-4972 E-mail Address cxcwzocxcorg Website wwwcxcorg Copyright copy2015 by Caribbean Examinations Council Prince Road Pine Plantation Road St Michael BB11091
CXC 07GSYLL 16
Content
RATIONALE 1 AIMS 2 CAREER CHOICES 2 SUGGESTED RESOURCES 3 CANDIDATE REQUIREMENT 5 SUGGESTED TIMETABLE ALLOCATION 5 ORGANISATION OF THE SYLLABUS 5 RECOMMENDED TEACHING APPROACHES 6 CERTIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF PROFILE DIMENSIONS 6 SKILLS AND ABILITIES TO BE ASSESSED 7 FORMAT OF THE EXAMINATIONS 7 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND ALLIED SUBJECTS 12 REGULATIONS FOR PRIVATE CANDIDATES 12 REGULATIONS FOR RESIT CANDIDATES 12 SECTION A INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURE 13
SECTION B CROP PRODUCTION 17
SECTION C ANIMAL PRODUCTION 26
SECTION D THE BUSINESS OF FARMING 36
SECTION E CROP AND ANIMAL MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES 40
SECTION F ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND COMMUNICATION IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR 49 GUIDELINES FOR THE CONDUCT OF SCHOOL-BASED ASSESSMENT 55 RESOURCES 82
GLOSSARY 83 SPECIMEN PAPERShelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip87
CXC 07GSYLL 16
This document CXC 07GSYLL 16 replaces CXC 070SYLL 99 and CXC 29GSYLL 99 issued in 1999
Revised 2006 2016
Please check the website wwwcxcorg for updates on CXCrsquos syllabuses
CSECreg Agricultural Science Free Resources
LIST OF CONTENTS
CSECreg Agricultural Science Syllabus Extract 3
CSECreg Agricultural Science Syllabus Specimen Papers and Mark Schemes 4
CSECreg Agricultural Science Subject Reports
2004 Single Award Subject Report 162
2004 Double Award Subject Report 171
2005 Single Award Subject Report 191
2005 Double Award Subject Report 199
2006 Single Award Subject Report 214
2006 Double Award Subject Report 222
2007 Single Award Subject Report 236
2007 Double Award Subject Report 250
2008 Single amp Double Award Subject Report 266
2009 Single amp Double Award Subject Report 279
2010 Single amp Double Award Subject Report 291
2011 Single amp Double Award Subject Report 309
2012 Single amp Double Award Subject Report 318
2013 Single amp Double Award Subject Report 327
2014 Single amp Double Award Subject Report 339
2015 Single amp Double Award Subject Report 352
Agricultural Science
The Agricultural Science syllabus is designed to allow students to develop knowledge
and understanding of the interaction between the component parts of agriculture and
WKH VFLHQWLiquestF SULQFLSOHV WKDW H[SODLQ WKH SURFHVVHV WKDW WDNH SODFH ZKHQ LQSXWV DUH
transformed into outputs The syllabus requires students to treat with certain conceptual
and theoretical issues associated with the discipline while at the same time providing
them with the opportunity to develop a wide range of practical skills and an awareness
of the technologies associated with agriculture
The syllabus provides for study leading to a Single Award or a Double Award in the
VXEMHFWDQGLVDUUDQJHGLQiquestYHVHFWLRQV
bull Section A The Business of Farming
bull Section B Crop Production
bull Section C Animal Production
bull Section D Horticulture
bull Section E Animal Management
Candidates presented for the Single Award examination must complete Sections A
B and C only while candidates presented for the Double Award examination must
FRPSOHWH6HFWLRQV$WR(DOOiquestYHVHFWLRQV
Effective for examinations from MayndashJune 2018
SYLLABUS
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE
CXC 07GSYLL 16
Caribbean Secondary Education Certificatereg
CXC 07GSYLL 16
Correspondence related to the syllabus should be addressed to The Pro-Registrar Caribbean Examinations Council Caenwood Centre 37 Arnold Road Kingston 5 Jamaica Telephone Number + 1 (876) 630-5200
Facsimile Number + 1 (876) 967-4972 E-mail Address cxcwzocxcorg Website wwwcxcorg Copyright copy2015 by Caribbean Examinations Council Prince Road Pine Plantation Road St Michael BB11091
CXC 07GSYLL 16
Content
RATIONALE 1 AIMS 2 CAREER CHOICES 2 SUGGESTED RESOURCES 3 CANDIDATE REQUIREMENT 5 SUGGESTED TIMETABLE ALLOCATION 5 ORGANISATION OF THE SYLLABUS 5 RECOMMENDED TEACHING APPROACHES 6 CERTIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF PROFILE DIMENSIONS 6 SKILLS AND ABILITIES TO BE ASSESSED 7 FORMAT OF THE EXAMINATIONS 7 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND ALLIED SUBJECTS 12 REGULATIONS FOR PRIVATE CANDIDATES 12 REGULATIONS FOR RESIT CANDIDATES 12 SECTION A INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURE 13
SECTION B CROP PRODUCTION 17
SECTION C ANIMAL PRODUCTION 26
SECTION D THE BUSINESS OF FARMING 36
SECTION E CROP AND ANIMAL MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES 40
SECTION F ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND COMMUNICATION IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR 49 GUIDELINES FOR THE CONDUCT OF SCHOOL-BASED ASSESSMENT 55 RESOURCES 82
GLOSSARY 83 SPECIMEN PAPERShelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip87
CXC 07GSYLL 16
This document CXC 07GSYLL 16 replaces CXC 070SYLL 99 and CXC 29GSYLL 99 issued in 1999
Revised 2006 2016
Please check the website wwwcxcorg for updates on CXCrsquos syllabuses
Agricultural Science
The Agricultural Science syllabus is designed to allow students to develop knowledge
and understanding of the interaction between the component parts of agriculture and
WKH VFLHQWLiquestF SULQFLSOHV WKDW H[SODLQ WKH SURFHVVHV WKDW WDNH SODFH ZKHQ LQSXWV DUH
transformed into outputs The syllabus requires students to treat with certain conceptual
and theoretical issues associated with the discipline while at the same time providing
them with the opportunity to develop a wide range of practical skills and an awareness
of the technologies associated with agriculture
The syllabus provides for study leading to a Single Award or a Double Award in the
VXEMHFWDQGLVDUUDQJHGLQiquestYHVHFWLRQV
bull Section A The Business of Farming
bull Section B Crop Production
bull Section C Animal Production
bull Section D Horticulture
bull Section E Animal Management
Candidates presented for the Single Award examination must complete Sections A
B and C only while candidates presented for the Double Award examination must
FRPSOHWH6HFWLRQV$WR(DOOiquestYHVHFWLRQV
Effective for examinations from MayndashJune 2018
SYLLABUS
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE
CXC 07GSYLL 16
Caribbean Secondary Education Certificatereg
CXC 07GSYLL 16
Correspondence related to the syllabus should be addressed to The Pro-Registrar Caribbean Examinations Council Caenwood Centre 37 Arnold Road Kingston 5 Jamaica Telephone Number + 1 (876) 630-5200
Facsimile Number + 1 (876) 967-4972 E-mail Address cxcwzocxcorg Website wwwcxcorg Copyright copy2015 by Caribbean Examinations Council Prince Road Pine Plantation Road St Michael BB11091
CXC 07GSYLL 16
Content
RATIONALE 1 AIMS 2 CAREER CHOICES 2 SUGGESTED RESOURCES 3 CANDIDATE REQUIREMENT 5 SUGGESTED TIMETABLE ALLOCATION 5 ORGANISATION OF THE SYLLABUS 5 RECOMMENDED TEACHING APPROACHES 6 CERTIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF PROFILE DIMENSIONS 6 SKILLS AND ABILITIES TO BE ASSESSED 7 FORMAT OF THE EXAMINATIONS 7 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND ALLIED SUBJECTS 12 REGULATIONS FOR PRIVATE CANDIDATES 12 REGULATIONS FOR RESIT CANDIDATES 12 SECTION A INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURE 13
SECTION B CROP PRODUCTION 17
SECTION C ANIMAL PRODUCTION 26
SECTION D THE BUSINESS OF FARMING 36
SECTION E CROP AND ANIMAL MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES 40
SECTION F ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND COMMUNICATION IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR 49 GUIDELINES FOR THE CONDUCT OF SCHOOL-BASED ASSESSMENT 55 RESOURCES 82
GLOSSARY 83 SPECIMEN PAPERShelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip87
CXC 07GSYLL 16
This document CXC 07GSYLL 16 replaces CXC 070SYLL 99 and CXC 29GSYLL 99 issued in 1999
Revised 2006 2016
Please check the website wwwcxcorg for updates on CXCrsquos syllabuses
Effective for examinations from MayndashJune 2018
SYLLABUS
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE
CXC 07GSYLL 16
Caribbean Secondary Education Certificatereg
CXC 07GSYLL 16
Correspondence related to the syllabus should be addressed to The Pro-Registrar Caribbean Examinations Council Caenwood Centre 37 Arnold Road Kingston 5 Jamaica Telephone Number + 1 (876) 630-5200
Facsimile Number + 1 (876) 967-4972 E-mail Address cxcwzocxcorg Website wwwcxcorg Copyright copy2015 by Caribbean Examinations Council Prince Road Pine Plantation Road St Michael BB11091
CXC 07GSYLL 16
Content
RATIONALE 1 AIMS 2 CAREER CHOICES 2 SUGGESTED RESOURCES 3 CANDIDATE REQUIREMENT 5 SUGGESTED TIMETABLE ALLOCATION 5 ORGANISATION OF THE SYLLABUS 5 RECOMMENDED TEACHING APPROACHES 6 CERTIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF PROFILE DIMENSIONS 6 SKILLS AND ABILITIES TO BE ASSESSED 7 FORMAT OF THE EXAMINATIONS 7 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND ALLIED SUBJECTS 12 REGULATIONS FOR PRIVATE CANDIDATES 12 REGULATIONS FOR RESIT CANDIDATES 12 SECTION A INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURE 13
SECTION B CROP PRODUCTION 17
SECTION C ANIMAL PRODUCTION 26
SECTION D THE BUSINESS OF FARMING 36
SECTION E CROP AND ANIMAL MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES 40
SECTION F ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND COMMUNICATION IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR 49 GUIDELINES FOR THE CONDUCT OF SCHOOL-BASED ASSESSMENT 55 RESOURCES 82
GLOSSARY 83 SPECIMEN PAPERShelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip87
CXC 07GSYLL 16
This document CXC 07GSYLL 16 replaces CXC 070SYLL 99 and CXC 29GSYLL 99 issued in 1999
Revised 2006 2016
Please check the website wwwcxcorg for updates on CXCrsquos syllabuses
CXC 07GSYLL 16
Correspondence related to the syllabus should be addressed to The Pro-Registrar Caribbean Examinations Council Caenwood Centre 37 Arnold Road Kingston 5 Jamaica Telephone Number + 1 (876) 630-5200
Facsimile Number + 1 (876) 967-4972 E-mail Address cxcwzocxcorg Website wwwcxcorg Copyright copy2015 by Caribbean Examinations Council Prince Road Pine Plantation Road St Michael BB11091
CXC 07GSYLL 16
Content
RATIONALE 1 AIMS 2 CAREER CHOICES 2 SUGGESTED RESOURCES 3 CANDIDATE REQUIREMENT 5 SUGGESTED TIMETABLE ALLOCATION 5 ORGANISATION OF THE SYLLABUS 5 RECOMMENDED TEACHING APPROACHES 6 CERTIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF PROFILE DIMENSIONS 6 SKILLS AND ABILITIES TO BE ASSESSED 7 FORMAT OF THE EXAMINATIONS 7 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND ALLIED SUBJECTS 12 REGULATIONS FOR PRIVATE CANDIDATES 12 REGULATIONS FOR RESIT CANDIDATES 12 SECTION A INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURE 13
SECTION B CROP PRODUCTION 17
SECTION C ANIMAL PRODUCTION 26
SECTION D THE BUSINESS OF FARMING 36
SECTION E CROP AND ANIMAL MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES 40
SECTION F ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND COMMUNICATION IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR 49 GUIDELINES FOR THE CONDUCT OF SCHOOL-BASED ASSESSMENT 55 RESOURCES 82
GLOSSARY 83 SPECIMEN PAPERShelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip87
CXC 07GSYLL 16
This document CXC 07GSYLL 16 replaces CXC 070SYLL 99 and CXC 29GSYLL 99 issued in 1999
Revised 2006 2016
Please check the website wwwcxcorg for updates on CXCrsquos syllabuses
CXC 07GSYLL 16
Content
RATIONALE 1 AIMS 2 CAREER CHOICES 2 SUGGESTED RESOURCES 3 CANDIDATE REQUIREMENT 5 SUGGESTED TIMETABLE ALLOCATION 5 ORGANISATION OF THE SYLLABUS 5 RECOMMENDED TEACHING APPROACHES 6 CERTIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF PROFILE DIMENSIONS 6 SKILLS AND ABILITIES TO BE ASSESSED 7 FORMAT OF THE EXAMINATIONS 7 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND ALLIED SUBJECTS 12 REGULATIONS FOR PRIVATE CANDIDATES 12 REGULATIONS FOR RESIT CANDIDATES 12 SECTION A INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURE 13
SECTION B CROP PRODUCTION 17
SECTION C ANIMAL PRODUCTION 26
SECTION D THE BUSINESS OF FARMING 36
SECTION E CROP AND ANIMAL MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES 40
SECTION F ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND COMMUNICATION IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR 49 GUIDELINES FOR THE CONDUCT OF SCHOOL-BASED ASSESSMENT 55 RESOURCES 82
GLOSSARY 83 SPECIMEN PAPERShelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip87
CXC 07GSYLL 16
This document CXC 07GSYLL 16 replaces CXC 070SYLL 99 and CXC 29GSYLL 99 issued in 1999
Revised 2006 2016
Please check the website wwwcxcorg for updates on CXCrsquos syllabuses