Luxor, Egypt, 14-15 April 2013
Standards For Smart Water Management
Vijay MaureeProgramme Coordinator
ITU Workshop on “ICT as an Enabler for Smart Water Management”
(Luxor, Egypt, 14-15 April 2013)
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Background
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Background
ITU Technology Watch Report on ICT as an enabler to Smart Water Management
Overview of how ICT can be a strategic enabler for smart water management policies and surveys upcoming ICT standards that will enable smart water initiatives
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Key Issues Impacting Water Supply
Water on Earth: 2.5% is freshwater Two-thirds of the freshwater, is locked up in glaciers In water scarce areas, a reduction in water supply is forecasted
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Water Scarce Areas
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Key Issues Impacting Water Supply
Economic growth, Seasonal climatic conditions Rising population Effects linked to climate change:
lengthy droughts and extreme weather events.
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Water Consumption
How much water is consumed By peopleEconomic sectors
Water FootprintIndicator to assess the consumption of water for producing consumer goods
How much H2O for
One slice of bread = 40 litres 1 kg wheat = 1,300 litresPair of jeans = 10,855 litres
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Water Footprint
For a countryVolume of consumptionConsumption patternClimateAgriculture
Can influence business decisions as well
Case of beerSouth Africa v/s Czech Republic
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ICT as an Enabler for Smart Water Management
Mapping of water resources and weather forecastingMeeting water demand in cities of the futureAsset management for water distribution networkJIT irrigation in Agriculture and Landscaping
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ICT as an Enabler for Smart Water Management
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Mapping of water resources: ICT Standards
Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)Geospatial Portal Architecture – helps to build information models to simulate and visualize real life situationsEnables geoprocessing interoperability that makes it possible to exchange geographic information and share geospatial services over the webImplemented in INSPIRE
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Mapping of water resources: ICT Standards
INSPIRE geoportal (www.inspire-geoportal.eu) provides harmonised geographical information on weather and hydrological characteristics
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Mapping of water resources: ICT Standards
Geo-enable web requires GIS interoperabilityOGC and ISO are involved in standardization work of geographical information (Geographical Mark up Language – GML)GMLJP2 (GML in JPEG 2000) – encoding specification for inclusion of geo data as XML metadata in the image.
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Weather forecasting
The World Weather Watch is composed of three integrated core system components.
The Global Observing System (GOS) provides observations of the atmosphere and the earth’s surface (including the surface of the oceans) from all parts of the globe and from outer space. The Global Telecommunication System (GTS) combines radio and telecommunication equipment capable of providing real time exchange of a huge volume of meteorological data and related information between international and national meteorological and hydrological centres. The Global Data Processing System (GDPS), based on thousands of linked mini, micro and supercomputers, processes an enormous volume of meteorological observational data and generates meteorological products such as analysis, warnings and forecasts.
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Weather forecasting
The World Weather Watch - WMO
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Weather Forecasting: ICT Standards
ITU-R Study Groups provide necessary support for the development and utilization of different ICT systems such as:
Weather satellites that track the progress of hurricanes and typhoons; Weather radars that track the progress of tornadoes, thunderstorms, and the effluent from volcanoes and major forest fires; Radio-based meteorological aid systems that collect and process weather data; Satellite systems that are also used for dissemination of information concerning different natural and man-made disasters.
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Weather Forecasting: ICT Standards
ITU-R Study Group 7 : Remote Sensing RecommendationsITU/WMO Handbook on Use of Radio Spectrum for Meteorology: Weather, Water and Climate Monitoring and Prediction
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Meeting water demand in cities of the future : ICT Standards
Monitor water consumptionSmart Metering
Open Metering System SpecificationAcquire data on electricity, gas and waterEnable consumers to track their water usageWater utilities: information in real time, minimise non-revenue waterAdvanced metering infrastructure (AMI) standard Privacy of data
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Asset management for water distribution network : ICT Standards
Minimise leakage in water distribution network and time to repairManage end to end distribution from reservoirs to pumping stations to smart pipes to intelligent metering at user siteUse of intelligent network of sensors, nanotechnologies and mobileInformation about water distribution network at the fingertip
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JIT Irrigation in Agriculture
Wireless sensors can be placed on crops and in the soil to monitor
monitor humidity levels, soil moisture
Activate the valves of the irrigation system on a needs basis to provide the required volume of water
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When is the right time to irrigate and the right volume of water that should be applied.
JIT Irrigation in Agriculture
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ICT Standards for Semantic Sensor Web
Lack of standardised communications and API among sensor networksStandardization bodies involved
OGCWorld Wide Web ConsortiumIETFIEEE (IEEE 1451)
Sensor Web Enablement – specifications related to sensors, data models and web services to enable sensors to be controlled via the web.
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ICT Standards for Semantic Sensor Web
Semantic Web – extension of the web in which semantics of information are defined
Enable machines to interpret and develop relationships on content being analysed.Resource Description Framework (RDF) : data modelWeb Ontology Language for the RDF
ICT Standards : Water ML 2.0
OGC & WMO: WaterML 2.0 – 2012New international standard for encoding and exchanging time series water data. By standardizing the way that hydrological data is queried, it becomes easy to access data from all across the world. Enables exchange of a broad range of water information typically associated with surface and ground water resource systems.
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ICT Standards : Water ML 2.0
Enables information exchange scenarios such as:
Exchange of data for operational monitoring and forecasting programsSupporting infrastructure operation (e.g. dams, supply systems)Exchange of observational and forecast data for surface water and groundwaterRelease of data for public disseminationEnhancing disaster management through data exchange
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New Areas for Standardization
Intelligent pipesMethodologies for water footprintsBig data for smart citiesGeographical 3D Modelling and sensor web
Conclusions
ICT can bring enormous benefits to water stakeholdersMain areas for standards
Semantic sensor webGIS and remote sensingWater footprint
Standardised Geoweb toolkit for developing countries
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