Linking Disaster to Development:Linking Disaster to Development:The Community-led Disaster The Community-led Disaster
Management in NepalManagement in Nepal
Man B. ThapaMan B. ThapaDisaster Management ProgrammeDisaster Management Programme
UNDP NepalUNDP Nepal
ContentContent
Why we need to link disaster to development?Why we need to link disaster to development?
Community-led disaster management in NepalCommunity-led disaster management in Nepal
Linking disaster to development: a success storyLinking disaster to development: a success story
Where should we go from hereWhere should we go from here
ConclusionConclusion
Seismic Hazard of NepalSeismic Hazard of Nepal
Map courtesy:Map courtesy: National Seismological Centre, National Seismological Centre, Department of Mines and Geology, Lainchor, Department of Mines and Geology, Lainchor,
Kathmandu, NepalKathmandu, Nepal
The Economic Losses due to Various The Economic Losses due to Various Natural Disasters inNatural Disasters in NepalNepal
19,90719,907
15,89115,891
9,7489,748
9,2479,247
7,0717,071
Dev Dev expendexpend
(in mNR)(in mNR)
1212
6464
122122
207207
9898
Loss as Loss as % of dev % of dev
exp.exp.
0.80.82,3122,3128928921996 Floods1996 Floods
5510,11210,1121,5241,5241993 Floods1993 Floods
121211,90311,9031,7161,7161989 Fire1989 Fire
212119,14119,1411,6841,6841988 Earthq1988 Earthq
996,9226,9228818811987 Floods1987 Floods
Loss as Loss as % GDP% GDP
LossLoss
(in mNR)(in mNR)DeathsDeathsDisasterDisaster
Why we need to link disaster to Why we need to link disaster to development?development?
Nepal is a disaster prone countryNepal is a disaster prone country
Disaster has been dealt partially and in isolationDisaster has been dealt partially and in isolation
Several development initiatives have been Several development initiatives have been affected by different kinds and forms of disastersaffected by different kinds and forms of disasters
Annually about 20% of GDP is being lost due to Annually about 20% of GDP is being lost due to disastersdisasters
Annually about 260 people are killed by disaster Annually about 260 people are killed by disaster and about 30,000 families affectedand about 30,000 families affected
Due to flawed disaster management, the ratio of Due to flawed disaster management, the ratio of killed to affected population in Nepal is the killed to affected population in Nepal is the highest in the whole of South Asian Regionhighest in the whole of South Asian Region
Community-led disaster Community-led disaster management in Nepalmanagement in Nepal
BackgroundBackground– Isolated/inaccessible communitiesIsolated/inaccessible communities– Resources constraintsResources constraints
Community selection based on the magnitude of Community selection based on the magnitude of vulnerabilityvulnerability
Formation of groups/SGCOsFormation of groups/SGCOs
Programme design with due recognition to the Programme design with due recognition to the local knowledge, implementation and PMElocal knowledge, implementation and PME
Financial transaction (Transparency and Financial transaction (Transparency and accountability)accountability)
ContinueContinue….….
Linking with other development actors,Linking with other development actors,
Transforming groups/ SGCOs as NGOsTransforming groups/ SGCOs as NGOs
Linking disaster to development: Linking disaster to development: a success storya success story
Site/ community selectionSite/ community selection
Group formation (male/female/political Group formation (male/female/political parties/ majority/minorityparties/ majority/minority
Inputs to the group/SGCO Inputs to the group/SGCO (technical/financial)(technical/financial)
Community contribution mandatoryCommunity contribution mandatory
Participatory monitoring and evaluationParticipatory monitoring and evaluation
Peer communicationPeer communication
Continue …….Continue ……. ActivitiesActivities
River training (spurs, drainage – bioengineering)River training (spurs, drainage – bioengineering) Large scale plantation and community forest Large scale plantation and community forest
protection-zero grazingprotection-zero grazing Natural growth of vegetationNatural growth of vegetation Sale of grasses (stall feeding)Sale of grasses (stall feeding) Purchase of milch animalsPurchase of milch animals Milk collection centerMilk collection center Creation of picnic spotCreation of picnic spot Family fish pond constructionFamily fish pond construction ApicultureApiculture Nursery establishmentNursery establishment Strengthening institutional capacity Strengthening institutional capacity Small and cost-effective infrastructureSmall and cost-effective infrastructure
Continue …..Continue …..
Future activitiesFuture activities
More income generating activities to women More income generating activities to women for their empowermentfor their empowerment
Establishment of bio-gas plants, improved Establishment of bio-gas plants, improved cooking stovescooking stoves
Large scale mulberry plantation for sericulture, Large scale mulberry plantation for sericulture, fodder and flood controlfodder and flood control
Large scale bamboo and cane plantation for Large scale bamboo and cane plantation for cottage industry cottage industry
Innovations offer hope for futureInnovations offer hope for future
Appropriate policyAppropriate policy
New concepts and planning toolsNew concepts and planning tools
PartnershipsPartnerships
Living with disaster (Upgrading coping Living with disaster (Upgrading coping mechanisms) mechanisms)
Community involvement for local ownership, Community involvement for local ownership, cost-effectiveness and sustainabilitycost-effectiveness and sustainability
ConclusionConclusion
An integrated approach for DM must be adopted An integrated approach for DM must be adopted for long term sustainable developmentfor long term sustainable development
Activities must be designed with local people and Activities must be designed with local people and identification of an entry point and exit strategy identification of an entry point and exit strategy must be shared with local peoplemust be shared with local people
Clear delineation of community (male/female) Clear delineation of community (male/female) roles and responsibilities from the very outsetroles and responsibilities from the very outset
The form and extent of communities’ contribution The form and extent of communities’ contribution should be decided at the very beginningshould be decided at the very beginning
Continue…Continue…
A clear sketch of road map for linking A clear sketch of road map for linking disaster to development should be disaster to development should be designed at the beginningdesigned at the beginning
Priority should be given to activities Priority should be given to activities which can be of immediate benefit to which can be of immediate benefit to the communitythe community
Priority should be given to those Priority should be given to those activities which reduce the future activities which reduce the future vulnerability of the areavulnerability of the area