Life Span
Chapter 8Preschool
Preschool
• Age–3-6yrs
Height & Weight
• Height–2 ½ inches / year
• Weight–6 pounds / year
Body proportions
• Subcutaneous tissue –i
• Adipose tissue–i
• Trunk growth ___ extremity growth–<
Muscle & Bone Development
• 75% of weight gain due to –Muscle growth
Muscles & Bone Development
• Hips rotate –Inward –Adduction of the foot
Muscle & Bone Development
• Long bones –Red marrow – Yellow marrow
• Flat bones –Red marrow • Skull, Sternum, Pelvis
–Blood cell production
Teeth
• Tooth decay• Plaque• Dental visits–Q 6 months
Sensory Development
• Vision–20/20–By age 5• Depth perception • Color
• Hearing– Ear infections
Vital Signs
• Pulse–90-100 / minute
• Resp–22-25 / min
• BP–100 / 60
Gross motor
• 4 yrs– Walking / running • Tip toes
– Hop & balance • One foot
– Stairs• Alternating feet
– Climb & jump– Tricycle– Catch a ball with arms
• 5 yrs– h Coordination – Jump rope– Skip– Balance beam– Catch a ball with hands– Sports
Fine motor
• Self-care–Front /back–Spoon / fork–Toiletting
• Draw• Scissors• Printing name
Sexual Development
• Genital awareness• Strong attachment to parent of– Opposite sex
• Masturbation
Psychosocial development: Initiative
• Explore!• Pretending
Psychosocial development: Discipline
• Set limits• Discipline teaches –Impulse control
• Explore feelings
Psychosocial development:
• Jealousy–Affection–Attention–Recognition
Preschool education
• Purpose?–Cognitive –Motor–Social
According to Piaget, what stage of cognitive development is a pre-school age child?
A. AnalyticalB. Pre-conventionalC. SensorimotorD. ConventionalE. Pre-operational
Cognitive development
• Centration– Single focus
• (person with a mask)
Cognitive development
• Centration• Lack reversibility– How 2 actions relate
Cognitive development
• Centration• Lack reversibility• Transductive reasoning
– 2 simultaneous events one caused the other
Cognitive development
• Centration• Lack reversibility• Transductive reasoning• Symbolic functioning
Cognitive development
• Centration• Lack reversibility• Transductive reasoning• Symbolic functioning• Animism
– Objects have human feeling & intentions
• (Grandma T’s microwave)
Cognitive development
• Centration• Lack reversibility• Transductive reasoning• Symbolic functioning• Animism• Intuitive thought
– Believe without knowing why
Cognitive development
• Centration• Lack reversibility• Transductive reasoning• Symbolic functioning• Animism• Intuitive thought• No class inclusion
– Can not see an object as belonging to 2 groups
Cognitive development
• Language & Memory• Egocentric
– Share– Take turn– Follow rules
• Creative • Increased attention span
Communication
• 4 yrs–4 word sentences–Who, what, where–Nouns, verbs & adjectives
• 5 yrs–5+ word sentences–2,000+ word vocabulary
Nutrition
• Caloric intake–1,800 cal /day
Sleep and Rest
• 10-12 hours / night• Nap– 1 a day (if)– 30 – 60 minutes
• Nightmares
Play
• Cooperative / associative play– Follow rules– Share– Take turns
• Symbolic play continues• Audience• Imagination• Imaginary friends
Play
• Building confidence
Play
• Imagination
Play
• T.V.
Safety
• Car seats
Safety
• Water safety
Safety
• Stranger Danger
Health Promotion
• Booster shots–DPT• Diphtheria• Pertussis• Tetanus
– IPT• Polio vaccine
Thumb sucking
• Malalignment of the teeth
Enuresis
• Bed-wetting–Boys _____ Girls–Boys > Girls
Fears
• Dark• Mutilation• Abandonment
Handling Fears
1. Acknowledge2. Reality3. Reassure
Fear of the dark
Fear of mutilation
Fear of Abandonment
• Do NOT sneak or lie!
Safety
• Car seats• Injuries• Strangers
Thumb sucking
• Malalignment of the teeth
Bed-wetting
• Enuresis
Fears
• Dark• Mutilation• Abandonment