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Computer Basics
Computer Systems
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Definition of a computer
A computer is a device that
y accepts input
y processes data
y stores data, and
y produces output.
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Input
Input: information provided to thecomputer by a person, the environment, oranother computer.
Examples of Input words and symbols
numbers
pictures
audio signals from a microphone signals from another computer
temperature, speed, pressures, etc.from sensors
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Input Devices
Human Direct Input Devices
Keyboard, mouse, writing tablets, joysticks.
Human Indirect Input Devices
Scanners, digital cameras, audio digitizers.
Automated Sensors
Alarm switch sensors, weather information
sensors,infrared beams, sound levelsensors.
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Processing
- manipulation of data Data are symbols that represent
facts, objects, and ideas
A computer program or
software is the series of instructions that tell a computerhow to carry out a processing task
Examples of Processing arithmetic calculations
sorting a list
modifying pictures
drawing graphs
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Storage
Storage - thearea where datacan be left on a
permanent basiswhile it is not needed forprocessing
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Storage Types
Primary Storage - Direct Access tothe CPU
RAM & ROM
Secondary Storage - Must BeLoaded into RAM
Hard disks, Floppy disks, CD andDVD
Tertiary Storage - Slow BackupMedium
Magnetic tape
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Output Devices
Output - the result produced by a computer
Output device displays, prints, or transmits theresults of processing
Examples of Output images on a monitor
printed documents
sounds
signals to device controllers
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Human-Oriented Output Devices
Display screens, printers, sound/speechunits, LED /LCD readouts, etc.
Automated Controls
Automatic fire doors, elevator controls,
alarm horns, H V AC systems, answeringmachines, etc.
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Computer Categories
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Categories of Computers
Personal Computers
Handheld Computers
Workstations
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Categories of Computers
Videogame Consoles
Mainframes (often colloquially referred to
as Big Iron[1]) are computers
used mainly by largeorganizations for criticalapplications
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Mainframes
Ex. An IBMzSeries 800
90% of IBM'smainframes haveCICS transactionprocessingsoftware installed
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Categories of Computers
SupercomputersEx. The Cray-2,
the world'sfastest computerfrom 1985 to
1989
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SupercomputersAs of May
2008[update], the
IBM
Roadrunner ,
located at LosAlamos
National
Laboratory, is
the fastest
supercomputer
in the world.
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Categories of Computers
Servers
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Personal Computer Systems
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System Components
Display Device
(Monitor or LCD
screen)
System Unit
CD ROM drive
Floppy disk drive
Hard disk drive
Keyboard
Mouse
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Peripherals
A peripheral device designatesequipment that might be added to acomputer system to enhance itsfunctionality
Examples:
Printer
Digital camera
Scanner Joystick
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ASSIGNMENT #1
3 Brands/Models classified accdg. to thecategories
30 Computer Peripherals
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Task #1
Role play of the process flow of acomputer system
Data
Input device CPU
RAM
STORAG
E device Output device