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Introduction to ICT and
Programming
Lecture # 1 : Introduction
s Name: Engr.Richard A. Sobrepea, MIM
s E-mail: [email protected]
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Course Objectives
s
Discuss Fundamental Concepts of InformationTechnology (IT)
s Show how Computers are Used as Practical Tools for
Solving Personal, Business, and Academic Problems
s Learn Basic Computer Skills that Enables the Students
Explore IT World
s Enabling students to work with various office software's
s Learn Basics of how to do programming
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What are ICT?
s
Informations Communications Technologies
ICTare the hardware and software that enablesociety to create, collect, consolidate andcommunicate information in multimedia formats
and for various purposes.
The technology used to handle information and aid
communication
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Impact of ICT on society
s Developments in ICT have brought about themerger of
the computing,
information,
communications,
entertainment,
mass media industries
thereby providing a means of exchanginginformation in the digital format used by
computers.
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ICT
ICT - i.e. computer linked to
all facets of society
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What is the impact of ICT on information centers?
s ICT made information creation in digital formatpossible.
s ICT made online access and file transfer
possible
s ICT made networking and sharing of information
resources possible
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Transition
s ICT has made the transfer of digital information
from remote sites possible
Shift from Print to Digital Internet
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What are the effects of these developments on the user
community?
s Increases level of technology literacy
s Increases demand for better and faster access
to information
s Aggravates discrepancies between the
information rich and information poor.
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Few Basics
s Computers
A computer is an electronic machine that has the
capability to perform certain types of
processing/computation on the supplied data. It can
also store the data as well as generated results.
Storage
Processing/
Computation
Data & Instructions Information/Results
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Few Basics
s
Computers Device that accepts input, process and stores data,
and gives output
Device that can execute specific set of instructions
in a well-defined manner
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Few Basics.
Computer
Hardware Software
Application
Software
System
SoftwareCPU Memory I/O Etc.
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s Computer Hardware Electric, electronic, and mechanical devices
s
Computer Software Programs and data in electronic form on a storagemedium
Program- Sequence of Instructions
Few Basics
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Few Basics: Hardware
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Few Basics
s
Input devicess Processor & Memory
s Storage devices
s Output devices
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Few Basics: Input Devices
s
Mouses Keyboard
s Joystick
s Light pen
s Tablets Camera
s Microphone
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Few Basics : Output Devices
s
Peripheral Devices: Printer - laser, inkjet, dotmatrix
Plotter - flatbed, drum
Speakers
Monitor - CRT, LCD, projector
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Few Basics : Processor/CPU
s Pentium
s 8086
s Celeron
s SPARC
s
Alphaetc What are Control Unit and ALU?
The arithmetic/logic unit (ALU) contains the electronic circuitry that
executes all arithmetic and logical operations.
The control unit (CU) of the CPU contains circuitry that uses
electrical signals to direct the entire computer system to carry out,
or execute, stored program instructions.
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Few Basics : Secondary Storage
s Hard disk
s Floppy
s CD
s DVD
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Few Basics: Primary Storage
s RAM
s ROM
s etc.
Virtual Memory?
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Few Basics: Bits & Bytes
s Bit - a binary digit e.g. 1 or 0
s Byte - a binary word consisting of 8 bits
s Kilo Byte - 1024 bytes
s Mega Byte - 1024 KB
s
Giga Byte - 1024 MBs Tera Byte - 1024 GB
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Few Basics: Ports
s Parallel
s Serial
etc.
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Few Basics: Figure
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Keyboard Mouse
PrinterRAM/ROM
HD
MemBus
System Bus
Monitor
CD
Processor
Floating PointUnit
IntegerUnit
Cache
ControlUnit
Few Basics: BUS Figure
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Licensed and Free Software
s Single user license
s Multiple user license
s
Concurrent use licenses Site license
s Public domain software
s Shareware
Few Basics: Computer Software
F B i C S f
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s System Software:
Controls the computer
Performs the basic operating tasks
s Application Software:
Help user to accomplish a specific task
Few Basics: Computer Software
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ApplicationSoftware
System Software
Hardware
Few Basics: Figure
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Operating systemss Works as coordinator between hardware and user
software Example: Opening a word document, screen
display, print, and save.
s Allocates system resources (CPU, peripherals)
Examples: use of key board, mouse, playing music,
displaying on monitor
Few Basics: System Software
i S S f
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Utility Software
s Software that augment the system software
s Example: preparing disks to store data
Few Basics: System Software
F B i S S f
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Device Drivers
s The system software that helps computer control a
peripheral device. Usually supplied by the vendor of the
computer device
s Example: DD for mouse, DD for Laser printer
Few Basics: System Software
F B i S S f
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Programming Languages
s Tools to create the Application Software
Few Basics: System Software
F B i A li i S f
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Business software
s Help organization to efficiently do routine tasks Horizontal Market business software
Vertical Market business software
Productivity softwares Software which enhance the productivity
Entertainment software
Educational software
Few Basics: Application Software
F B i C N k
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Few Basics:Computer Networks
Network:
A collection of computers and other devices that
communicate with each other to share data, hardware and
software
F b i C N k
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Few basics: Computer Networks
s
Local Area Networks (LAN): Network that islocated within a relatively limited area (a building or
campus)
s
Wide Area Networks (WAN): Network that covers alarge geographical area
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A Computer Network
Local workstation
Workstation
Workstation
NetworkServer
NetworkPrinter
F B i
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Few Basics.
s
Workgroup computing Gather remote resources in such a way that they would
better utilize each others power.
s Computer Network
Linking computers together in such a way that they canshare the resources with each other.
s Internet
Network of networks; largest network available in theform of global village
F B i I t t
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Few Basics: Internet
s Is a collection of local, regional, and national computer
networks that are linked together to exchange data anddistribute computing tasks
s World Wide Web (WWW) and Electronic Mails (E-mail)
are among the Internet Services
F B i
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Few Basics
s Information
Data that have been collected and processed into ameaningful form
s Information System
A computer-based system that provides both dataprocessing capability and information for managerialdecision making
s Information Society
A society in which the generation and dissemination of
information becomes the central focus of commerce.s Information Technology
A collective reference to the integration of computingtechnology and information processing
F B i
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Few Basics
s Telecommuting
Computing via a communications link between home andoffice
s Communication Channel The facility by which data are transmitted between
locations in a computer networks Communication Protocols
Rules established to govern the way data in a computernetwork are transmitted
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s
THANKYOU