Learning Landscapes
(Bali, May 2009)
Reading landscapes
Reading landscapes
Reading landscapes
Reading landscapes
Reading landscapes
Reading landscapes
Taking a landscape...
Well forested catchment
Rich biodiversity
High value timber
Attractive scenery, tourism
Ancestral homeland
Subsistence farm land
Commercial farm land
Biofuel production
Grazing land
Human settlement
Sub-soil richness
Which are the options?
Which are the drivers behind?
Districtpolicy
Local power relations
Decentralisation
Tourism development
Emancipation of minorities
Local food demand
Local Market prices
Migration
Foreigninvestment
Land grabbing
Land tenure regime
Land pressure
Diet change: animal products
Climate change
Need for minerals
Increased Interest in biodiversity
Globalisation
Increased fuel demand
Demand for biofuels
Growing fooddemand
Commodity prices
Increased mobility
Increased exploitation
Population growth
Multi-level and multi-scale
Giller et al, 2008
Landscape
Governance of landscapes
Governance unit Governance structure
Municipality Municipal government/council
District District government/council
Country National government/parliament
Landscape ????
Landscapes as complex systems:
n Not easy to understandn Cannot be controlled or plannedn But can be influenced
ComplicatedComplex
Chaotic Simple
Source: Cynefin Framework,
Cognitive Edge (www.cognitive-edge.com)
Complex landscapes
Simple Results are predictable
RecipeInstructionsRules/regulations
Complicated Results are more or less predictable
PuzzleProblem treesLogical frameworksGuidelines
Complex Results are unpredictable and future is uncertain
ScenariosdialogueAdaptive managementLearning
“Rules & regulations”
Planning intervention logic Influence the
landscape/
restoration
“Dialogue & social learning” Relations and network logic
Social learning at the scale of landscapes
n Working across administrative boundariesn Dealing with uncertaintiesn Need for multi-stakeholder dialoguen Enhancing co-creation and innovationn Adaptive managementn Constant learningn Learning in networks
Social learning at the scale of landscapes
Living in a network society
Everybody is member of a network
Most likely more than one
Living in a network society
Everybody is member of a network
Most likely more than one
Networks enhanced through:
§Face-to-face communication
§Telephone
§internet
Networks
It is said that through networks, you are no further
than six networks away from anybody in the world
Networks
Networks are connected through its members
Networks: different scales and different levels
Individual
network
Local or
regional
networks
Global
networks
About networks
n One (or more) shared interest by all members of the network
n Networks may be consciously established and formal, or unconsciously created and informal
n Different networks can be connected through one or more actors participating in more than one network
Networks
Networks across spaces and scales
Source: Ashish Shah, Kenya
green – localpink - national blue – international
“Me in my landscape”
About networks
n Networks for communicationn Networks for capacity developmentn Networks for governancen Networks for policy makingn Networks for innovationn Networks for learning
Learning in networks
Conditions for the well-functioning of networks
n Members share a collective interestn members should suppress their wish to dominate
the processn Shared leadership n members should not wait for instructions, but be
pro-active and contribute voluntarilyn Members should respect each other since all
contributions are valuablen All members are responsible for the outcome n Sense of collective learning being more important
than individual gain
GPFLR Learning Network
GPFLR
GPFLR learning network
n Generic GPFLR website: http://www.ideastransformlandscapes.org
n FLR Learning platform: http://learning.gpflr.webfactional.com
How are we going to organise ourselves?
How are we going to organise ourselves?
§ What are we going to DO?
§ How are we going to learn?
§ What are we going to learn (learning priorities?
§ How do we shape the learning network?
§ Which will be our learning sites
§ Who is responsible for the overall learning process?