Language Shapes Emotion Experience and Perceptioncarolinaneuroscience.web.unc.edu/files/2013/01/Lindquist-011013.pdf · Language Shapes Emotion Experience and Perception ... BBS .

Language Shapes Emotion

Experience and Perception

Kristen Lindquist

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Department of Psychology

“What is an emotion?”

James (1884).

Emotion

Heart

Lungs

Joints

Muscles

Stomach

Stimulus

“The trouble with emotions is that they are regarded too much as absolutely individual things…But if we regard them as products of more general causes…the mere distinguishing and cataloguing becomes of subsidiary importance.”

James (1890). p. 449.

Psychological Construction

Core affect Conceptualization

Barrett, (2006; 2009). PPS; Lindquist & Barrett (2012). TICS;

Lindquist & Gendron (2013). Emotion Review; Lindquist et al. (2012). BBS

Unpleasant

Low

Arousal

High

Arousal

Pleasant

Shame Disgust

Fear

Guilt

Anger

Excitement

Pride

Happiness

Content

Calm Sadness

Fatigue

Neutral

Surprise

Sleepy

Core affect

Russell (1980)

Conceptualization

Prior experiences used to make meaning of sensations in the

moment

Fenske, Aminoff, Gronau & Bar (2006)

Conceptualization

Conceptualization

Conceptualization

“ANGER”

Barrett, Lindquist & Gendron (2007). TICS Lindquist & Gendron (2013). Emotion Review

Language

Testing construction

•Brain basis of emotion

•Adding language produces emotion •Impairing language impairs emotion

Meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies

•Do the brain regions supporting emotions give evidence of:

•discrete emotion categories?

•more general psychological operations (e.g., language, affect)?

Meta-analysis

Flexible Neural Reference Space

•240 contrasts from 91 studies

•anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness experience & perception

•published between 1992-2007

Lindquist, Wager, Kober, Bliss-Moreau & Barrett (2012). Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

Consistent activation during discrete

emotions


Core affect

Generating and representing affective

states

Consistent activation during discrete

emotions


Conceptualization

Lindquist & Barrett (2012). TICS

“Default”

Remembering the past

Prospection

Theory of mind

Categorization of visual percepts

Semantics

Making meaning of core affect

The “semantic brain”

Binder et al. (2009)

Neural Reference Space for Discrete

Emotion


Emotions > body states

ATL

(Conceptualization)

Oosterwijk*, Lindquist*, Anderson, Dautoff, Moriguchi, & Barrett (2012). NeuroImage

The “semantic brain”

Binder et al. (2009)



•Adding language causes emotion •Impairing language impairs emotion

Adding language

•Combine ingredients

•core affect

•linguistic emotion concepts

Constructing emotion

Prime

Affect Induction

Measure Experience

Emotion concepts v. neutral

Constructing fear

Lindquist & Barrett (2008). Psych Science

Prime: “fear,” “anger,” neutral

Constructing fear


Induce affect: unpleasant, neutral

Constructing fear


Risk aversion

Affect Induction

Priming Manipulation

Unpleasant Neutral

Fear

Anger

Neutral

Constructing fear


20

25

30

Unpleasant

Fear Anger Neutral

Neutral

Fear Anger Neutral

Ris

k A

vers

ion

Risk aversion


Constructing pride

Lindquist, Mendes, & Barrett (in prep)

Prime: “pride,” “happy,” neutral

Constructing pride


Perseverance

Pers

evera

nce

Pride Happy

Neutral

Pride Happy

Neutral

5

6

7

8

9

Pleasant Neutral

Pride


Constructing anger


Prime

Trier Social Stress Task

Measure experience

“anger” “embarrassment”

“heart beat” Baseline

Constructing anger

•Perceptions related to anger

•Testosterone


Pe

rce

pti

on

s re

late

d t

o a

nge

r

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

Anger Embarassment Heartbeat

Important + unexpected + blame


% in

cre

ase

T

-400

-200

0

200

400

Anger Embarrassment

Heartbeat

Testosterone





Impairing language

•Combine ingredients

•core affect

•linguistic emotion concepts

X

Study 1

Lindquist, Barrett, Bliss-Moreau, & Russell (2006). Emotion

Anger

Study 1


Anger

Study 1


Anger

Study 1


Anger

Semantic Dementia

•Gradual dissolution of concept

knowledge

•Cortical thinning in anterior temporal

lobes

Semantic Dementia

Left Right

Left Right

Semantic Dementia

Face sort task

Lindquist*, Gendron*, Barrett, & Dickerson (under review)

Healthy adult

0

20

40

60

80

100

pile 1 pile 2 pile 3 pile 4 pile 5 pile 6

% f

ace

s in

eac

h c

ateg

ory

happiness

neutral

fear

anger

disgust

sadness

Lindquist,* Gendron,* Barrett, & Dickerson (under review)

Patient EG: free sort

0

20

40

60

80

100

pile 1 pile 2 pile 3

% f

aces

in e

ach

cat

ego

ry

happiness

neutral

fear

anger

disgust

sadness


Patient CP: free sort

0

20

40

60

80

100

pile 1 pile 2 pile 3 pile 4

% f

aces

in e

ach

cat

ego

ry

% faces in each category

happiness

neutral

fear

anger

disgust

sadness


Patient CP: number cue

0

20

40

60

80

100

pile 1 pile 2 pile 3 pile 4 pile 5 pile 6

% f

ace

s in

eac

h c

ate

gory

happiness

neutral

fear

anger

disgust

sadness





Thanks Collaborators

Lisa Feldman Barrett

Eliza Bliss-Moreau

Brad Dickerson

Maria Gendron

Suzanne Oosterwijk

Hedy Kober

Wendy Mendes

Tor Wager

IASLab

Dickerson Lab

Funding

Harvard Mind/Brain/Behavior Initiative

NSF Graduate Research Fellowship

NIH Director’s Pioneer Award (to LFB)

NSF grant (to LFB)

Thank you!

Oosterwijk*, Lindquist*, Anderson, Dautoff, Moriguchi, & Barrett (2012). NeuroImage

Emotions + thoughts + body states

V. Attention

(Core affect)

IFG

(Conceptualization)

Salience network

represents bodily

sensations to guide

attention and behavior

anterior TPJ

dACC/SMA

Hayes & Northoff (2011); Seeley et al. (2007); Yeo et al. (2011)

AIC

AIC

Default network

vlPFC

mPFC

precuneus

/PCC

mPFC posterior TPJ

Represents prior experiences

to make meaning of bodily

sensations

Binder et al. (2009); Bar (2009); Shachter et al. (2007)

L. Salience Network

.000

.050

.100

.150

.200

.250

.300

body emotion thought

Perc

ent

sign

al c

han

ge

Oosterwijk,* Lindquist,* Dautoff, Anderson, Moriguchi & Barrett (2012). NeuroImage.

L. Default Network

-.200

-.150

-.100

-.050

.000

.050

.100

.150

.200

.250

.300

body emotion thought

Perc

ent

sign

al c

han

ge

Oosterwijk,* Lindquist,* Dautoff, Anderson, Moriguchi & Barrett (2012). NeuroImage.

Conceptualization

Core Affect

External situation Pleasant voice

Smile

Self-reported

Anger

Heart rate increase,

Increase in vascular

resistance

Tease someone

Lindquist et al. (2012b) BBS

Body focus > emotion

IFG

(Frontoparietal)

Supramarginal

(V. attention)

Oosterwijk, Lindquist, Anderson, Dautoff, Moriguchi & Barrett (2012). NeuroImage

Thought > body focus

Superior temporal

(conceptualization)

Superior temporal

(conceptualization)

VMPFC

(conceptualization)

PCC

(conceptualization)


Thought > emotion

Superior temporal

(conceptualization)

Superior temporal

(conceptualization)

VMPFC

(conceptualization) Superior frontal

(frontoparietal)


Language Shapes Emotion Experience and Perceptioncarolinaneuroscience.web.unc.edu/files/2013/01/Lindquist-011013.pdf · Language Shapes Emotion Experience and Perception ... BBS .

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Language Shapes Emotion Experience and Perceptioncarolinaneuroscience.web.unc.edu/files/2013/01/Lindquist-011013.pdf · Language Shapes Emotion Experience and Perception ... BBS .