Knowledge Transfer: DataWindow XML Export/Import in PowerBuilder 9.0
13 - 2©2000 Sybase, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.
John Strano PowerBuilder Evangelist [email protected]
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Module Objectives Review the basic concepts of XML Defining XML Templates in the DataWindow Painter New Properties to control exporting & importing DataWindow
data in XML Enhanced methods for exporting & importing DataWindow
data in XML Generating DataWindow presentation in XSL-FO PowerScript functions for XML document parsing/validation
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Review of XMLExtensible Markup Language Extends the ability to represent data Metadata language=tags & layout can be customized Data can be hierarchically structured with nesting Easily parsed across applications, platforms, enterprises, and
Web for data interchange World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) XML 1.0
Recommendation at http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml
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XML Document Well-Formed if structure follows XML syntax rules
Contains one or more elements Element is a tree containing start-tag, content, end-tag
• Start-tag is a name, enclosed by angle brackets, with optional attributes• Attribute names must be unique for element; order insignificant• Attribute values must be quoted
One root; all element tags properly nested Parsed element cannot contain recursive reference to itself
Valid if structure conforms to a DTD or Schema DTD defines grammar for XML document
Subset can be internal or external
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XML Names and Entity References XML Names
can only contain alphanumeric characters (also non-english, such as ä, ç etc.), _ Underscore, - Hyphen, . Period
have to start with letter or underscore are case-sensitive
Predefined entity references cannot occur within element text content and have to be replaced
< replaces < (less-than sign) > replaces > (greater-than sign) & replaces & (ampersand) " replaces '' (double quote) &apos replaces ' (single quote)
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XML Document Example
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><tag_name> root element<tag_name2 attribute="female"> <name> <emp_fname>Fran</emp_fname> text content <emp_lname>Whitney</emp_lname> </name> <empty_element></empty_element> empty element <another_empty_element/> alternative notation </tag_name2>
</tag_name>
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XML ParsingDOM Parser DOM provides API access to XML tree model Useful if manipulating or re-traversing the documentSAX Parser Event-driven Useful if extracting data once in single traversalCore Interfaces Specified by W3C Extensions denoted by ‘DOM Level 2’, ‘DOM Level 3’
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Industry-leading Parser ImplementationsJava Apache Xerces Java JDOM
Higher level than DOM interface
Native MSXML Apache Xerces-C++
Ports available on Win32, Solaris, HP-UX, AIX
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XML Parsing in PowerBuilder 9.0Apache Xerces-C++ Integration Integrated as internal ‘XML Service’ in PBXerces90.dll PB9 GA dependent on xerces-c_1_5_1.dll Post-PB9 likely dependent on xerces-c_2_1_0.dll Consumed by:
DataWindow Painter DataWindow Engine
Deploy with Pbdwe90.dll for DW XML apps PBVM
If calling PowerScript XML parse/validation functions PBDom90.dll (PBDom90.pbd)
More on this (PBDOM) presented in KT by Bio Liong Lim
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XML Modeled by DOM Tree<?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“UTF-8”?>
<!DOCTYPE menu SYSTEM menu.dtd><menu>
<meal name=“breakfast”><food>Scrambled Eggs
</food><food>Hash Browns
</food><drink>Orange Juice
</drink></meal><meal name=“snack”>
<food>Chips
</food></meal>
</menu>
menu
meal
drinkfoodfoodname
“OrangeJuice”
“HashBrowns”
“ScrambledEggs”
“breakfast”
meal
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Mapping DataWindow to DOM Tree
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DataWindow Export/Import Template Defines the mapping between values from a DataWindow
and locations in an external document format, like XML References can be:
DataWindow control values (text) Column Computed column Text control Computed field Nested report
DataWindow Expressions (evaluated at runtime) Data source column
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DataWindow Export/Import Template References in Template are specific to a DW namespace Template persists within DW definition in PBL & SRD as a
dependent object Multiple Templates may be defined & saved for a DW Each must be uniquely named within a DW namespace Template applied at runtime or in Painter by name with the
new DW property UseTemplate Used for DW data export, data import, or both
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Export/Import Template - XML View DataWindow Painter
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Other Items in an XML Template
XML declaration Document Type declaration Root element (required) Child elements (any level of nesting) Attributes Literal text Comments Processing instructions CDATA sections
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XML Template Divided in 2
Header Section
Optionally contains: XML declaration (dialog) Document type declaration (dialog) Comments (dialog) Processing instructions (dialog) Root element (required) Child elements (non-iterative) Group Header elements* (iterative)
Child elements (iterative)
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XML Template Divided in 2Detail Section
Iterated for each row; can contain: Detail (Row) Start element* Child or sibling elements to the Detail Start element Content and Attribute values (dialog)
DataWindow control references (dialog) Drag-drop from the Control List View
DataWindow Expressions (dialog) Drag-drop from the Column Specification View
Literal text Comments, PIs, and CDATA sections
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Attributes Dialog
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View Features
Item-specific context menus, label-editing & dialogs Header/Detail marked by line across TreeView Drag-and-drop from Control List View and Column
Specification View View-level menu
New New Default Open (dialog) Save, SaveAs (dialog) Delete
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Default TemplateContains: XML declaration Root element (defaults to DataWindow name) Detail Start element (defaults to DW name + “_row”) Child elements of the Detail Start element named for each
DataWindow column with content reference Useful as starting point Same structure assumed for XML export or import in Painter
or at runtime if no UseTemplate specified
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Grouped DataWindow:Grouping Elements in Template
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Nested & Composite DataWindows:Referencing a Nested Report in Template
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DataWindow Properties View
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DataWindow Properties in PowerScriptExport.XML.UseTemplate
Controls logical structure & mapping of XML data exported by DataWindow.
PowerBuilder dot notation:dw_control.Object.DataWindow.Export.XML.UseTemplate
Describe and Modify argument:“DataWindow.Export.XML.UseTemplate { = ‘value’ }”
Parameter Description
value (exp) Name of one of XML Templates previously saved in DW Painterfor this DW object
13 - 26©2000 Sybase, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.
DataWindow Properties in PowerScript
Export.XML.TemplateCount
Returns number of Templates saved for DataWindow.PowerBuilder dot notation:
dw_control.Object.DataWindow.Export.XML.TemplateCount
Describe argument:“DataWindow.Export.XML.TemplateCount”
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DataWindow Properties in PowerScript
Export.XML.Template[1..n].Name
Returns name of Template by array index (storage order).PowerBuilder dot notation:
dw_control.Object.DataWindow.Export.XML.Template[1..n].Name
Describe argument:“DataWindow.Export.XML.Template[” + n + “].Name”
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Runtime Template Enumeration Example
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DataWindow Properties in PowerScriptExport.XML.HeadGroups
Controls iteration of elements in Template Header section as group headers.
PowerBuilder dot notation:dw_control.Object.DataWindow.Export.XML.HeadGroups
Describe and Modify argument:“DataWindow.Export.XML.HeadGroups { = value }”
Parameter Values Meaning
"Yes", TRUE, 1, exp Elements in Template Header section areiterated as group headers (Default)
value
"No", FALSE, 0, exp Groups are not distinguished
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DataWindow Properties in PowerScriptExport.XML.IncludeWhitespace
Controls formatting of exported XML document by including whitespace to beautify.
PowerBuilder dot notation:
dw_control.Object.DataWindow.Export.XML.IncludeWhitespace
Describe and Modify argument:“DataWindow.Export.XML.IncludeWhitespace { = value }”
Parameter Values Meaning
"Yes", TRUE, 1, exp Whitespace is included in exported XMLdocument to beautify
value
"No", FALSE, 0, exp No extra whitespace included (Default)
13 - 31©2000 Sybase, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.
DataWindow Properties in PowerScript
Export.XML.MetaDataType
Controls type of metadata to accompany exported XML.PowerBuilder dot notation:
dw_control.Object.DataWindow.Export.XML.MetaDataType
Describe and Modify argument:“DataWindow.Export.XML.MetaDataType { = value }”
PowerBuilder Enumerated Value Numeric value Meaning
XMLNone! 0 Metadata not generated (Default)
XMLSchema! 1 XML Schema generated for XML document
XMLDTD! 2 DTD generated for XML document
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DataWindow Properties in PowerScript
Export.XML.SaveMetaData
Controls location of generated metadata.PowerBuilder dot notation:
dw_control.Object.DataWindow.Export.XML.SaveMetaData
Describe and Modify argument:“DataWindow.Export.XML.SaveMetaData { = value }”
PowerBuilder Enumerated Value Numeric value Meaning
MetaDataInternal! 0 Metadata saved inside XML document(Default)
MetaDataExternal! 1 Metadata saved in an external file (.xsd or.dtd) with reference from the XML document
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Example XMLDocument XML Document with external grammar references
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?><output xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="output.xsd">
- or -<!DOCTYPE output SYSTEM "output.dtd"><output><output_row>
<dept_id>100</dept_id><dept_name>R & D</dept_name><dept_head_id>501</dept_head_id>
</output_row> …<output>
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Example DTD
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!ELEMENT output (output_row*)>
<!ELEMENT output_row (dept_id, dept_name, dept_head_id)>
<!ELEMENT dept_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT dept_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT dept_head_id (#PCDATA)>
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Example XMLSchema<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<xs:element name="output"> <xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence> <xs:element ref="output_row" maxOccurs="unbounded" minOccurs="0"/></xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType></xs:element><xs:element name="output_row">
<xs:complexType><xs:sequence>
<xs:element ref="dept_id"/><xs:element ref="dept_name"/><xs:element ref="dept_head_id"/>
</xs:sequence></xs:complexType>
</xs:element><xs:element name="dept_id" type="xs:int"/><xs:element name="dept_name" type="xs:string"/><xs:element name="dept_head_id" type="xs:int" nillable="true"/>
</xs:schema>
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Schema Options Dialog
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Methods to Export XML DataDataWindow Painter
File…Save Rows As… menu itemSave as type: XML
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Methods to Export XML DataSaveAs method
integer dwcontrol.SaveAs ( string filename,saveastype saveastype,boolean colheading )
SaveAsType
PowerBuilder Enumerated Value Numeric Value Meaning
XML! 15 XML
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DataWindow Properties in PowerScript
Data.XML
String containing DataWindow data exported in XML.PowerBuilder dot notation:
dw_control.Object.DataWindow.Data.XML
Describe argument:“DataWindow.Data.XML”
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DataWindow Properties in PowerScript
Data.XMLSchema
String containing XML Schema generated from Template.PowerBuilder dot notation:
dw_control.Object.DataWindow.Data.XMLSchema
Describe argument:“DataWindow.Data.XMLSchema”
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DataWindow Properties in PowerScript
Data.XMLDTD
String containing DTD generated from Template.PowerBuilder dot notation:
dw_control.Object.DataWindow.Data.XMLDTD
Describe argument:“DataWindow.Data.XMLDTD”
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Importing XML Data into DataWindow Analogous to XML export DataWindow Import methods enhanced XML Default Import
Assumes coincident column data in XML document XML Template Import
Piggybacks off same XML Template as for export to interpret logical structure and DataWindow mapping of XML document to import
Internally uses SAX parser for performance
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Methods to Import XML Datalong dwcontrol.ImportFile ( { saveastype importtype, }
string filename {, long startrow {, long endrow {, longstartcolumn {, long endcolumn {, long dwstartcolumn }}}}} )
long dwcontrol.ImportString ( { saveastype importtype, }string string {, long startrow {, long endrow {, longstartcolumn {, long endcolumn {, long dwstartcolumn }}}}} )
long dwcontrol.ImportClipboard ( { saveastype importtype{, long startrow {, long endrow {, long startcolumn {, longendcolumn {, long dwstartcolumn }}}}}} )
Example:dw_1.ImportFile( XML!, "c:\temp\customers.xml")Possible SaveAsTypes for import are XML!, CSV! and TXT!
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DataWindow XML Default Import
Import without Import.XML.UseTemplate specified XML document data (element text content) has to correspond
to DataWindow column definition XML element text content is imported in order of occurrence
within XML document Element tag names and all other content of the XML
document are ignored XML nesting within the document is disregarded
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Empty Elements in XML Default Import
Empty elements are assumed to be empty values and imported as such into the DataWindow column
An element that contains only space, carriage return, new line or tab characters is treated as an empty element
An element that contains no text content, but any other content, e.g. a child element or comment, it is not regarded as an empty element and will be skipped for import
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Example XML Default ImportXML Document:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><employee_list><employee dept_id="100"> <emp_id>102</emp_id> <manager></manager> empty element <name> <emp_fname>Fran</emp_fname> <emp_lname>Whitney</emp_lname> </name></employee>
</employee_list>
Column Import into DataWindow:Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4102 Fran Whitney
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Advantages of XML Template Import
XML document structure doesn’t have to match DataWindow columns
Order of elements within XML doesn’t have to reflect DataWindow column order
Attribute values can be imported
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DataWindow XML Template Import Import Template needs to be created in DataWindow painter
XML Template View Template for export may be reused for import Import.XML.UseTemplate property needs to be set
in DataWindow painter or programmatically
NOTE: Nested DataWindow XML export supported via SaveAs() per TeamSybase request.But, like other import formats XML import does not currently support importing nested output.
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XML Template View
“Starts Detail” marker
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XML Import Template Defines mappings between XML element and attribute names
of the XML document and DataWindow column names Reflects nesting level where element and/or attribute import
items can be located within the XML document If “Starts Detail” marker exists, element and attribute contents
above this marker line are ignored If “Starts Detail” marker does not exist, all element and
attribute mappings within the template are used for import Other information within the Template (controls, comments,
etc.) is ignored
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Example XML Document...<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<emp_list>
<employee_list_row>
<emp_id>102</emp_id>
<emp_fname>Fran</emp_fname>
<emp_lname>Whitney</emp_lname>
<street>49 East Washington Street</street>
<city>Needham</city>
<state>MA</state>
<zip_code>02192 </zip_code>
<phone>6175553985</phone>
</employee_list_row>
</emp_list>
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Example XML Template Import
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XML Import Properties in the DW Painter
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DataWindow Properties in PowerScriptImport.XML.UseTemplate
Controls logical structure & mapping of XML data imported by DataWindow.
PowerBuilder dot notation:dw_control.Object.DataWindow.Import.XML.UseTemplate
Describe and Modify argument:“DataWindow.Import.XML.UseTemplate { = ‘value’ }”
Parameter Description
value (exp) Name of one of XML Templates previously saved in DW Painterfor this DW object
13 - 55©2000 Sybase, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.
DataWindow Properties in PowerScriptImport.XML.Trace
Enables trace logging during DataWindow XML import.PowerBuilder dot notation:
dw_control.Object.DataWindow.Import.XML.Trace
Describe and Modify argument:“DataWindow.Import.XML.Trace { = ‘value’ }”
Parameter Values Meaning
"Yes", TRUE, 1 Trace logging enabledvalue
"No", FALSE, 0 Trace logging disabled (Default)
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DataWindow Properties in PowerScriptImport.XML.TraceFile
Specifies name of file for DataWindow XML import trace logging.
PowerBuilder dot notation:dw_control.Object.DataWindow.Import.XML.TraceFile
Describe and Modify argument:“DataWindow.Import.XML.TraceFile { = ‘value’ }”
Parameter Description
value Path and name of trace output file
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Generating DataWindow Presentationin XML: XSL-FO
XSL Formatting Objects Part 2 of XSL W3C Recommendation covering
presentation or formatting of XML XSL 1.0 (aka XSL-FO) Recommendation at:
http://www.w3.org/TR/xsl/slice6.html#fo-section XSL-FO processors can render to PDF, etc.
Apache XML FOP Project http://xml.apache.org/fop
Check Software on left side of: http://www.w3.org/Style/XSL
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Methods to Export XML PresentationDataWindow Painter
File…Save Rows As… menu itemSave as type: XSL-FO
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Methods to Export XML PresentationSaveAs method
integer dwcontrol.SaveAs ( string filename,saveastype saveastype,boolean colheading )
SaveAsType
PowerBuilder Enumerated Value Numeric Value Meaning
XSLFO! 16 XSL Formatting Objects
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DataWindow Properties in PowerScript
Data.XSLFO
String containing DataWindow data & presentation in XSL Formatting Objects
PowerBuilder dot notation:dw_control.Object.DataWindow.Data.XSLFO
Describe argument:“DataWindow.Data.XSLFO”
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Processing XSL-FO to PDF using FOP
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PowerScript XML Parsing/Validation Parsing/validation of XML document in PowerScript
can determine whether XML document is wellformed complies to W3C XML specification
can determine whether XML document is valid also matches a given grammar (DTD or XMLSchema)
uses Apache Xerces SAX http://xml.apache.org/xerces-c/index.html
needs PBXerces90.dll and Xerces-C_1_5_1.dll in the path
NOTE: The Apache Xerces parser does not support parsing internal XMLSchema (MS format) although this can be generated with SaveAs()
13 - 63©2000 Sybase, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.
XML Parsing/Validation FunctionsNew PowerScript system functions: XMLParseFile
long = XMLParseFile(string xmlfilename {,valscheme validationscheme } {,string parsingerrors } {,boolean namespaceprocessing {,boolean schemaprocessing {,boolean schemafullchecking }}})
XMLParseString long = XMLParseString(string xmlstring
{,valscheme validationscheme } {,string parsingerrors } {,boolean namespaceprocessing {,boolean schemaprocessing {,boolean schemafullchecking }}})
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Validation Scheme ValScheme – new PowerBuilder enumerated value
ValNever! Only check for wellformedness
ValAlways! Validate the XML document. If no DTD or XMLSchema exists
the parse check will give an error ValAuto!
If DTD or XMLSchema exists validate the XML document, otherwise check for wellformedness only
Example, checking XML file for wellformedness only:XMLParseFile(“c:\temp\mydoc.xml”, ValNever!)
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Suppressing Error Messages To suppress the error message box when the parser detects
errors supply the optional argument string parsingerrors
Example:long ll_retstring ls_errll_ret = XMLParseFile(“c:\temp\mydoc.xml”, ls_err)If ll_ret <> 0 then
// do something, XMLParseFile returned errorEnd if
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Further Grammar Parsing Arguments namespaceprocessing (defaults to FALSE)
If TRUE, the parser enforces the rules defined by the name space specification
If the validationscheme is set to ValAlways or ValAuto, then the document must contain a grammar that supports name spaces
schemaprocessing (defaults to FALSE) If TRUE, the parser will process XMLSchema namespaceprocessing must also be turned on
schemafullchecking (defaults to FALSE) If TRUE the schema grammar itself is checked for additional errors Only takes effect if schemaprocessing is set to TRUE
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More Parsing/Validation Examples If external XMLSchema is referenced the document will be
validated, otherwise the parser will check for wellformedness: XMLParseFile(“c:\temp\mydoc.xml”, TRUE, TRUE)
Parses XML document string, validates against a referenced XMLSchema (has to exist), saves any possible errors in a string variable (suppresses message boxes on error):
XMLParseString(s_myXMLstring, ValAlways!, ls_err, TRUE, TRUE) Parses XML document, validates against a referenced
XMLSchema (has to exist) – also parses Schema itself for additional errors:
XMLParseFile(“c:\temp\mydoc.xml”, ValAlways!, TRUE TRUE,TRUE)
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Q & A
John StranoPowerBuilder [email protected]