INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN BIOLOGY
pp. 907-910
cells tissues organs organ systems
BODY TISSUES
• muscle: contract in coordination upon stimulation (skeletal, cardiac, smooth)
• nervous: receive and transmit information and signals (made of cells called neurons)
• epithelial: line surfaces of bodies, cavities, canals
• connective: cells surrounded by extra-cellular, non-living tissue called a matrix (bone, cartilage, tendons, blood)
ORGANS• Tissues working together
BODY CAVITIES
• Spinal, cranial, thoracic, diaphragm, abdominal, pelvic
Know the locations in your body
ORGAN SYSTEMS
• Skeletal: protection and support
• Muscular: support and movement
• Respiratory: Gas exchange
• Circulatory: transport of gases, nutrients, waste, and chemicals througout body.
• Endocrine: controls body function via chemical messengers.
• Nervous: regulates body via impulses
• Digestive: breakdown and absorption of food
• Excretory: removal of liquid and solid wastes
• Reproductive: production of sex cells to make offspring
Immune: Fights pathogens and disease
Integumentary: protection and thermoregulation
• Barrier against mechanical and chemical injury
• Protection of microbial invasion• Insulation against heat loss• Evaporative cooling through sweating• Sensory for environment• Vitamin (D) synthesis
SKIN• Epidermis- dermal pigmentation
Melanocytes make melanin (melanin is
a black pigment and carotene is an
orange pigment) and is inherited• Dermis-inner layer composed of blood
vessels, nerves, hair follicles, glands
• Glands 1. Oil glands attached to hair follicles
secrete sebum (oils)
2. Sweat glands regulate body temperature• Subcutaneous: fat cells (insulation)
• Nails are made of keratin (like hair) and protec ends of toes and fingers
• Hair is produced by hair follicles and insulates the body