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BASIC TERMS
APPAREL: A material, stitched or unstitched,
used to cover the body or drape over the body
GARMENT: A stitched and shaped material
to cover the body partly or fully
CLOTH: A piece of material generally flat
and long, flexible, drapable.
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APPARELS
SCARF
SAREESTOLE
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GARMENTS
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STITCHED
(GARMENTS)
UNSTITCHED
APPAREL
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FROM FIBRE TO GARMENT
FIBRE YARNFABRIC
GARMENT
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Basic Industrial Terminologies
Customized Tailoring (made to measure/
bespoke):
The process of manufacturing garments for specificindividuals based on measurement, design and fabric
generally supplied by customer. The process is customer
specific and so called customer tailoring
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CUSTOMIZED TAILORING
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FEATURES OF CUSTOMIZED
TAILORING
Customer specific
Single garment making
Traditional technique
Use of generalized machineries
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Mass Production
The process of manufacturing in large
quantity on basis of forecasted trends, size
of target market and standard body
measurements
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MASS PRODUCTION
TREND
FINISHING
PATTERN
CUTTING
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FEATURES OF MASS PRODUCTION
Large quantity manufacturing
Not individual specific but to fit a size range
Designs and colors based on forecasts,
trends and requirements of target markets
Use of specialized manufacturingtechniques and equipments
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Readymade garments
Garments made from mass production in
different standard sizes and color & prints.
Such garment is not made as per an
individuals specification but made in such a
way that it can easily fit an individual with
body measurements matching any standard
size.
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READYMADE GARMENT BRANDS
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Ready to wear (pret-a-porter)
Generally refers to free size garments
or readymade garments off the rack
which are sold ready to be worn
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THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS
OF GARMENTS
Readymade garments are manufactured in mass
scale at garment manufacturing units the nature of
business of which may be domestic orexport.
In Domestic, garments/products are manufactured
and sold in the same country
InExport, garments/products are manufactured inone country but sold in another country
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The simple process of fabric to garment to
customer/consumer is:
Fabric Productionprocess
Garment
Customer
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EXPORT BUSINESS
COUNTRY A
ORDER
PROCESSED AT
COUNTRY B
RETAIL
OUTLETS ALL
OVER WORLD
D
I
S
T
R
I
B
U
TI
O
N
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Design & research for pattern development
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Industrial pattern laid on fabric for marker
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Fabric spread/laid on table
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Fabric cut by machine in layers
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Cut fabric lay sorted/ lay packing
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Garment parts stitching & assembling
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Quality checking and inspection of finished
products
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Pressing and finishing
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Packing
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Process flowchart for manufacturing
Buyer decides what to produce (style, color, quantity)
Buyer searches for a manufacturer
Buyer-manufacturer/seller contact (internet, previous
order, old customers, advertisement, agent)
Negotiation for order/contract
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Buyer sends an original garment for duplication at
manufacturers unit (to assess quality, production
time, delivery, cost)
The first sample is made at manufacturers unit
(duplicating same size, style/design, similar fabric,
print, drape and trims)- PROTO SAMPLE to assess
consumption and cost
The sample is sent for buyers quality evaluation
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If the buyer approves, the order is confirmed (otherwise
the order is cancelled)
Costnegotiation between buyer and manufacturer
Buyer sends ORDER CONFIRMATION ( a written
document confirming the order)
Buyer sends SPECIFICATION SHEET ( with details of
every step of work like size chart, grading, size-color
ratio, trimmings details, stitching details, packing
details etc.) and a MEDIUM SIZE PATTERN
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Manufacturer prepares/generates PRODUCTION
ORDER(an internal document with details of working
of each department)
Manufacturer places order for raw materials (Fabric
and trimmings) and packing materials (plastic,
shapers, cardboard stays etc.)
Manufacturer conductsraw material inspection after the
purchased materials are received
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Materials received are kept in stores
Pattern set sent by buyer is graded to different sizes
according to size colour ratio
Marker planning done to assess fabric consumption
Production planning includingline balancing and
machine sequencing taken up
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Fabric issued to cutting room and ready marker from
CAD received at cutting room
Spreading and laying up of fabric in cutting room
Marker placed on top of lay
Block cutting (for extra curves) by straight knife
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Precise cutting by band knife or die cutting machine
In process inspection on cutting quality, number of
pieces, size etc
Lay packing
Ticketing
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Bundling
Dispatch to production floor for stitching
Stitching of small parts following a system of
production according to plant size, order volume etc.
Assembly of small parts with bigger parts
Final inspection formeasurementin complete garment
Thread trimming and thread sucking
Stain removing
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Pressing
Folding
Final pressing
Bagging
Boxing
Carton packing
Storage and despatch
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