Institute of Resource Ecology | www.hzdr.de
Institute of Resource Ecology
Institut für Ressourcenökologie
G. Geipel, G. Bernhard, J. Lippmann-Pipke, V. Brendler, N.Jordan, K. Müller, L. Lütke
French - German Research for Nuclear Safety: Chemistry of the f-ElementsStrasbourg, February, 22nd - 23rd, 2012
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The Research Field Health The Programme Cancer Research
The Research Field Energy The Programme Nuclear Safety Research The Programme Materials, Energy, and Resource Efficiency
The Research Field MatterThe Programme Matter and CosmosThe Programme From Matter to Materials and Life The Programme Matter and Technologies
Helmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden – RossendorfResearch and Structure 2012
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Institutes at HZDR
Institute of Radiation Physicsoperating Elbe Sourcehigh power laser systems
Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratorypulsed magnetic fields near to 100 Tesla
Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Researchincluding reactor materials
Institute of Radiopharmacyoperating Cyclotron in Leipzig
Institute of Resource Technologyoperating AMS in Rossendorf
Institute of Resource Ecology
Institute of Fluid Dynamicssimulation of turbulent fluid systems
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Reasons:- Policy (nuclear phase out, no budget growth for Nuclear Research),- Focusing the research on 3 Research Areas,- New research aspect “Resources” was included,
Foundation of a new Institute of Resource Technology (HZDR/University BA Freiberg)
- Foundation of 2 new Institutes
- Institute of Safety Research => Institute of Fluid Dynamics- Institute of Radiochemistry => Institute of Resource Ecology
HZDRChanging of Research and Structure in 2012
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- MotivationProtection of humankind and the environment from hazards caused by pollutants resulting from technical processes connected with the generation of energy and raw materials. The scientific challenge is to treat technology and ecology in a unified way which opens the possibility to contribute to the safety and public acceptance of technical processes of great importance for the future of humankind.
- ScienceThe science is focused on the ecology of radioactive and non-radioactive hazardous substances in the context of nuclear waste disposal, the production of nuclear energy, and of processes along the value chain of metalliferous raw materials.
- ResearchThe research aims of the institute are concentrated on- safety aspects of nuclear waste disposals, future transmutation facilities, and of current and
future reactors to develop strategies for risk mitigation, in particular the avoidance and limitationof potential accidents.
- the interactions of biological systems with long-lived radionuclides and non-radioactive metalson a molecular and macroscopic level in environmental and technical processes for a better prediction of their mobilization or immobilization in nature,
Institute of Resource Ecology
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Mission:Application oriented basic research in Radioecology.Protection of human and envorinment against the danger fromof radioactive and heavy metals Into the biosphere.
Goal:Investigation of interactions and mobility of Actinides (U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm) and heavy metals on a molecularlevel in Geo- and Biosystems, to increase the macroscopicknowledge of ongoing prozesses and to model them.
Institute of Resource Ecology
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Facilities in Dresden and Leipzig I• Controlled areas for handling radioactive
materials (actinides)– Special laboratories for handling gen-manipulated
organisms– Laser-Induced spectroscopy
• Designed for actinides and lanthanides aswell as for organic compounds
• Tunable solid state laser systems– ns – pulses
» Time resolved luminescence spectroscopy» Photoacoustic spectroscopy
– fs – pulses» Time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy
– Time range from sub-ns to ms• Cryo techniques
– ~100 K and 2 K (in construction)
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– CLS Microscopy and conventional microscopy
– IR (ATR FT-IR) and Raman Spectroscopy
– Microcalorimetry
– Geo-PET
– CD Spectroscopy
– Analytics etc.
Facilities in Dresden and Leipzig I
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ROBLGrenoble Leipzig
New since01.01.2012
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Research Fields and Programmes of HZDR Topics (Institute of Resource Ecology)
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Organization of Research “NSR”- Subtopics
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Organization of Research “MER”‐ Subtopics
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Human
Meat MilkFruit Bread
GrainAnimal
Plant
Water Soil Air
Uraniumspeciation
Research:
Water- Ground Water- Surface Water- Drinking Water- Seepage Water
Soil- Rocks- Minerals- Pore Water
Nuclear Waste Disposal- Near field- Far field- Data bases
Bacteria- Cell- Membrane- Biomass- Bio-Film- Diversity
Plant- Cell- Biomass- Compartments
Human- Cell- Bio-Fluid
Chemistry of Long-lived Radionuclides
Food Chain
Speciation and TransportPhenomena
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• Essential goals of Research in Nuclear Waste Disposal– Structure of Binding forms
– Stability of Binding forms
– Transport phenomena
• Need of a broad spectrum of methods– Determination of
• Oxidation states• Bond distances• Characterization of neighboring elements
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Long lived radionuclides in final disposal systems
• THEREDA database– opened for access to first data
• System salts in oceans• System Nd / Am / Cm• Links to modeling with EQ 3/6 and GWB
• Diffusion of uranium in Opalinus clay • Resulting kd values agree with batch experiments• Overall no significant dependence on temperature• High potential of retention (0.1cm / a for uranium(VI) )
• Colloid formation of tetravalent Actinides• Containing silicate due to formation in near neutral geogenic
solutions• Stable over many years• Size < 20 nm• Coffinit analogue structure
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• MOs are ubiquitous in nature, having a significant impact on the sorption and hence the migration behavior of actinides (metals in general) necessity of characterization of actinide-bacteria species formed and elucidation of interaction mechanisms
• Actinide bacteria interactions can be subdivided into:a) direct interaction processes
e.g. metal uptake, bio sorption,-reduction, -mineralization
b) indirect interaction processes
e.g. complexation by released cellular bioligands
Bacteria Metal Interactions
[2] Merroun et al. (2008) J. Contam. Hydrol. 102, 285–295.
[1 Moll, H. et al. (2005) final report of BMWi project 02E9491, FZR-422, FZD, Germany.
[2]
[2]
[1][2]
Uptake
Bioreduction
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Reactions of uranium with ligands in the cytoplasm of plant cellsI. Complexation with glutathione [1]
UO22+ + 2H+ + GS- => UO2H2GS+
log β°121 = 38,7
II. Reduction Uran(VI) to U(IV) [2]
III. Formation of phytochelatins and metallothioneinsa)
Reducing agents?a) Glutathione by 33 %b) Cellular Reductase
Reducing activity of cytoplasmatic proteins, Protein blot after gelelektrophoreticSeparation
Sulfur
Uranium
Ring formation between two carboxylic groups, no interaction with the SH-group
DFT-Calculation (Prof. S. Tsushima)
Uran(IV) in the Cytoplasm, laser-induced Photoacoustik
Synthesis of phytochelatins needs metal bindung at the thiolgoup of the glutathion > there bindung of uranium(IV)
Acidic hydrolysis of DNP-labelled phytochelatin-fractions (HPLC)
14 KDaDNP-GSH Hydrolysis
[1] Frost et al. Radiochim. Acta, 2011[2] Viehweger et al. BioMetals, 2011.
Gelelektrophoretic separation of cytoplasmatic proteins
Protein bond to uranium (Detection by Laser-Induced Spectroscopy)
IV. SummaryPhytochelatins Metallothioneins
• Different oxidation states of uranium in the cytoplasm.• Bond to different ligands and different functional groups.
a) Cooperation with Prof. W. Maret, King‘s College London
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Cooperation with Dr. G. LefèvreÉcole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris (ENSCP)
Short‐term post doc position for K. Müller at ENSCPMüller, K.; Lefèvre, G. Vibrational Characteristics of Outer‐Sphere Surface Complexes: Example of Sulfate Ions Adsorbed onto Metal (Hydr)oxides. Langmuir 2011, 27, (11), 6830‐6835.
Visiting fellowships for G. Lefèvre at HZDRMüller, K.; Foerstendorf, H.; Meusel, T.; Brendler, V.; Lefèvre, G.; Comarmond, M. J.; Payne, T. E. Sorption of U(VI) at the TiO2 ‐ water interface: An in situ vibrational spectroscopic study. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2012, 76, (0), 191‐205.
In progress: Bilateral joint project on “Formation of ternary metal complexes on mineral oxide surfaces”(ANR‐DFG 2012 ?)
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Ion transfer from surface to crystal: mechanisms of pollutant trapping
Ph.D. Student: Andrea Sabău
Aims: Investigate the processes that promote Eu(III), Ni(II) and U(VI) trapping into calcite
Incorporation of results into
transport model
Batch experiments at different pCO2 and pH:
generate sorption isotherms
Surface species and sorption/incorporation processes: ATR FT-IR,
TRLFS, RBS, Tof-SIMS, PIXE
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International Workshop on
Advanced Techniques in Actinide Spectroscopy (ATAS)05.‐07.11.2012, Helmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐Rossendorf, Germany
Focus on recent advances in actinide chemistry from both a spectroscopic and theoretical point of view:
Vibrational spectroscopy (IR and Raman) Laser‐induced spectroscopy (luminescence and photoacoustic) X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and Quantum chemical calculations
Topics Improvements of in situ experimental setups Applications of quantum chemical methods in predictive and interpretative ways New data processing algorithms
Scientific commitee S. Tsushima (HZDR / IRE) K. Müller (HZDR / IRE) R. Steudtner (HZDR / IRE) A. Scheinost (HZDR / IRE) Chr. Den Auwer (Nice S. A. Univ.) T. Stumpf (KIT /INE) J. Tits (PSI) T. Kimura (JAEA) V. Vallet (Lille Univ.) F. Livens (Manchester Univ.)
Invited and confirmed talks P. Yang (Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, USA) P. Persson (Umeå University, Sweden) T. Saito (Tokyo University, Japan) J. Li (Tsinghua University Peking,
China)
1st announcement soon!!!
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Thank you