Peter Dyment Ltd November 2014
Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings
For Health , Personal Comfort and
Learning Efficiency
Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings
Indoor Air Quality perception is different for each individual
Clean air of the correct temperature and humidity is required.
ECONOMIC AND HEALTH PENALTY
Loss of Work Efficiency with poor IAQ or Sick Building Syndrome
ECONOMIC AND HEALTH BENEFIT
In an office study productivity increased by 6.5% and error rate reduced
by 18% when an indoor pollution source was removed. Wargocki et al 1999
Indoor Air Quality for School buildings 2
Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings
What are the key elements that make Comfortable IAQ
1. Clean Air 2. Comfortable Air Temperature3. Comfortable level of Humidity4. Ventilation rate 5. An Air tight building envelope 6. Planned plant maintenance
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Clean Indoor Air Quality helps improve learning
Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings
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1. Clean air can be an issue especially in urban and industrial locations with high levels of background air pollution. Air filtration is usually needed
2. For comfort we need the air to be clean and in a narrow band of temperature 20-24 deg.C.
3. For comfort Relative Humidity should be about 40% to 60%
Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings
We spend up to 90% of our time inside buildings so clean IAQ matters.
Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings
4. Optimum ventilation can be effective to certain level to
dilute Carbon dioxide and air pollutants.
5. An airtight building envelope can be designed and
tested on new build projects.
6. Standards and Guidelines should be followed to ensure
Clean Healthy Indoor Air Quality is maintained.
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Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings 6
OzoneOzone
Poly cyclic
aromatic
hydrocarbons
What is in the air that we do not see?
What is risk to our Health?
What is the major risk to health?Air Pollution causes up to 360,000 premature deaths per year in the EU. Pope et al 2002
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Particles
Cardio vascular diseases
Lung diseases
Asthma
Increased mortality in heart and lung diseases
and cancer
Nitrogen dioxides
Asthma and breathing disorder
Reduced lung function
Reduced immunological defense.
Cancer?
Ozone
Asthmatic disorders, mucous irritation,
eye irritation, headache
Benzene & PAH
Cancer
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1148 Schools in Greater London are within 160 metres of an arterial road that carries as an annual average a daily rate of more than 10,000 motor vehicles
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Some Pollutants are Outdoor Sourced Some are Indoor Sourced Which are more harmful?
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Healthvent EU Project Report 2013
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Healthvent EU Project Report 2013
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How much is too much?
Particles PM2.5 *
� Max 25 µg/m3 /24 h
� Max 10 µg/m3 /year annual mean
Nitrogen dioxide:
� Max 200 µg/m3 /1h mean
� Max 40 µg/m3 /year annual mean
Ozone:
� Below 100 µg/m3 – 8 h mean
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To protect people's health & the environment
Agreed with EU directives
* WHO has declared fine combustion particles from diesel engines are now classed as a Group 1 Carcinogen
Indoor Air Quality problems can be determined by Air Quality testing
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Indoor air pollutants can be measured and assessed by use of a particle counter or for gas pollutants a gas monitor or a City check kit as shown. This kit can determine concentration levels for 39 different problem gas pollutants.
Once the type and concentration of the pollutants has been determined and the risk level determined, action can be taken when required to make reductions.
Portable handheld particle counter
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HiFlo M7 Bag filterCity-Flo Bag filter
Citycarb compact filterCitysorb compact filter
Low Energy Air Filters consistent and effective IAQ performance
•Low Energy Air Filters
with EN13779:2007
performance F7 to F9
•Gas filtration also to
EN13779:2007 when
required.
• Micro-fibre glass medium
performs consistently for
up to 2 years.
•Low operating pressure
drop for best energy
efficiency.
•Minimal maintenance and
disposal costs
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•Particle filtration
•Gas filtration
•Without upgrading
the main HVAC system
•Energy efficient
Stand alone portable air cleaners provide a practical health and economic solution
Mix recirculation and supply air
Fast response and portable to give Clean Indoor Air Quality
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Proof of performance of Standalone Air Purifier
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Recent measurements for airborne respirable particles 0.3 to 0.5 micron dia.
Particles - millions per M3 of airInside Air Outside AirTube station 1000
Euston taxi rank 900Paddington station 600
Marble Arch 400 Westminster 400
Hotel Westminster 200 Fleet st. 220Office lobby Fleet st. 110Office Upper Th. st. 65 Office with cleaned air 5 or less Rural garden 5Anything above 10 million per M3 should be cleaner
An airtight building envelope can prevent ingress of air pollution for clean IAQ
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Particles counted are mainly toxic fine combustion particulates from traffic
BenefitParticle Reduction of 78%between Outside and Inside Air
Particle Reduction to Supply Air also byEffective Air Filtration
Air Duct hygiene inspection and cleaning
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BS EN15780 : 2011 Ventilation for buildings also the new updated
B&ES TR19 Guide to good practice - Internal Cleanliness of Ventilation Systems
Airtight building testing
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Airtight building envelope testing is becoming a requirement for many new-build projects
BSRIA Air Tightness for compliance to Part L1 and L2 building regulations. Member of ATTMA, the appointed air pressure testing organisation for the BINDT
Once the air tightness of a building envelope is known it is possible to assess the required air change rates to give adequate ventilation.
Carbon dioxide reduction along with other internal background gas phase pollutants can be achieved.
Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings
Clearly the elements are available for
Good Indoor Air Quality
1. Effective Low Energy Air Filters in Air Handling Units or stand alone air cleaners
2. Air Temperature control
3. Humidity level control when needed
4. Ventilation rate sufficient to dilute levels of Carbon Dioxide and replace Oxygen.
5. An Air tight building envelope with tested performance
6. Effective monitoring and planned maintenance that includes AHU and Air Duct Hygiene inspection and cleaning
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Air System AHU and Duct maintenance is a short payback measure to achieve clean IAQ.
Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings
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Schools fail Indoor Air Quality Tests?
Each School College and University needs to be assessed by location, plant and Indoor Air Quality
Thank you for your attention
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Questions?
Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings